Article Sidebar

Submitted
June 22, 2024
Accepted
August 17, 2024
Published
September 13, 2024
Download
Full text PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 53 Download : 85

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Procrastination, or delaying or postponing something frequently, is often found at workplace including university staff. Many factors in personal characteristics, task characteristics, and organizational work settings can cause procrastination. The existing empirical literature on procrastination focuses mainly on student procrastination, with little attention paid to the procrastination patterns of academic staff. Therefore, by using social exchange theory, this study aims to discuss the factors that influence procrastination behavior in academic staff. This research examines the influence of achievement motivation, job satisfaction, and psychological contract fulfillment on procrastination directly or through organizational commitment. The study was conducted through a case study approach. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey research design of 126 staff at one of the state universities in Yogyakarta. The research instrument was developed from previous research. The data were analyzed using partial least square (PLS) based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results show that only achievement motivation and organizational commitment have a negative influence on procrastination. Organizational commitment mediates the influence of achievement motivation on procrastination. Job satisfaction and fulfillment of the psychological contract do not directly influence procrastination yet through organizational commitment. The results of this research provide implications for the role of human resource management in controlling procrastination at work. In the university context, achievement motivation and organizational commitment have a dominant influence in controlling procrastination behavior.

Keywords

Procrastination organizational commitment achievement motivation job satisfaction psychological contract fulfillment

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Sunarta, Muafi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
Sunarta, S., & Muafi, M. (2024). Determinant factors of procrastination behavior at work: A case study in the university context. Asian Management and Business Review, 4(2), 340–357. https://doi.org/10.20885/AMBR.vol4.iss2.art11
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abbas, A. A., & Hasnawia, H. H. Al. (2020). Role of psychological contract breach and violation in generating emotional exhaustion: the mediating role of job procrastination. Cuadernos De Gestión, 20(3), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.181021aa
  2. Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921
  3. Amedzro ST-Hilaire, W., & de la Robertie, C. (2018). Correlates of affective commitment in organizational performance: multi-level perspectives. Australian Journal of Career Development, 27(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416217744215
  4. Arnoux-Nicolas, C., Sovet, L., Lhotellier, L., Di Fabio, A., & Bernaud, J. L. (2016). Perceived work conditions and turnover intentions: the mediating role of meaning of work. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(MAY), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00704
  5. Asio, J. M. R. (2021). Procrastination and work productivity of academic staff: implications to the institution. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 9(1), 46–53.
  6. Aydin, E. (2023). Does psychological contract breach lead to procrastination at work? the mediation function of organizational cynicism. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 21(1), 224–243. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1238902
  7. Bäulke, L., Daumiller, M., & Dresel, M. (2021). The role of state and trait motivational regulation for procrastinatory behavior in academic contexts: insights from two diary studies. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 65, 101951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101951
  8. Bravo, G. A., Won, D., & Chiu, W. (2019). Psychological contract, job satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intention: exploring the moderating role of psychological contract breach in National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(3), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119848420
  9. Capelleras, J. (2005). Attitudes of academic staff towards their job and organisation: an empirical assessment. Tertiary Education and Management, 11, 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-005-0346-1
  10. Chen, B., & Han, W. (2017). Ecological assets and academic procrastination among adolescents: the mediating role of commitment to learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 01971. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01971
  11. Choi, B. K., Moon, H. K., Ko, W., & Kim, K. M. (2014). A cross-sectional study of the relationships between organizational justices and OCB: roles of organizational identification and psychological contracts. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(6), 530–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2012-0103
  12. Cioca, I. A., Ramos, J., Latorre, M. F., & Estreder, Y. (2020). Psychological contract mutuality and work-related outcomes: testing a mediation model. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 23, e53. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.52
  13. Conway, N., & Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. (2012). The reciprocal relationship between psychological contract fulfilment and employee performance and the moderating role of perceived organizational support and tenure. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85, 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02033.x
  14. Deshpandé, R., Grinstein, A., Kim, S., & Ofek, E. (2013). Achievement motivation, strategic orientations and business performance in entrepreneurial firms. International Marketing Review, 30(3), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331311321981
  15. Dhamija, P., Gupta, S., & Bag, S. (2019). Measuring of job satisfaction: the use of quality of work life factors. Benchmarking, 26(3), 871–892. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2018-0155
  16. Don-Baridam, L. Q. (2022). Psychological contract fulfilment and employee commitment: implication of leader member exchange relationship. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 9(2), 29–40.
  17. Dube, N. (2024). Academic staff commitment in the face of a role (im) balance between work and personal life: can job satisfaction help? European Journal of Management Studies, 29(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-08-2022-0048
  18. Ferrari, J. R. (2018). Introduction to “procrastination, clutter, & hoarding”. Current Psychology, 37, 424-425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9803-0
  19. Ferrari, J. R., Özer, B. U., & Demir, A. (2009). Chronic procrastination among turkish adults: exploring decisional, avoidant, and arousal styles. Journal of Social Psychology, 149(3), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.149.3.402-408
  20. Gagnon, J., Dionne, F., Raymond, G., & Grégoire, S. (2018). Pilot study of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for university students to reduce academic procrastination. Journal of American College Health, 67(4), 374-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1484361
  21. Glick, D. M., & Orsillo, S. M. (2015). An investigation of the efficacy of acceptance-based behavioral therapy for academic procrastination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 400–409. https://doi.org/2015-06075-001
  22. Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013a). Exploring different types of academic delayers: a latent profile analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 23, 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.09.014
  23. Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013b). Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination: an interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 841–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4
  24. Gurumoorthy, R., & Kumar, N. S. (2020). Study of impactful motivational factors students to overcome procrastination among engineering students. Procedia Computer Science, 172(2019), 709–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.101
  25. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), (second edition). California, US: Sage Publications Inc.
  26. Hajdukova, A., Klementova, J., & Klementova, J. (2015). The job satisfaction as a regulator of the working behaviour. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 190(November 2014), 471–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.028
  27. Harris, N. (1983). Task procrastination in organizations: a framework for research. Human Relations, 36(11), 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678303601102
  28. Kanten, P. (2016). The antecedents of procrastination behavior: personality characteristics, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Pressacademia, 2(1), 331–331. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2016118653
  29. Katou, A. A., & Budhwar, P. S. (2012). The link between HR practices, psychological contract fulfillment, and organizational performance: the case of the Greek service sector. Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(6), 793–809. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21504
  30. Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance: When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 154–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.021
  31. Kristiani, S. R., Hidayati, T., & Kusumawardani, A. (2021). The influence of achievement motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance mediated by affective commitment for development planning and supervision of the regional revenue agency of Kutai Kartanegara regency officer. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI), 10(11), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35629/8028-1011020107
  32. Lee, M., & Kim, B. (2023). Effect of employee experience on organizational commitment: case of South Korea. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070521
  33. Li, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., & Xu, T. (2021). The neural basis linking achievement motivation with procrastination: left precuneus connectivity with right anterior cingulate cortex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48(9), 1382-1392. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211040677
  34. Lina, M., Yang, L., & Qing, G. (2023). The mediating effect of achievement motivation on mindfulness and procrastination behavior of nursing students: a correlational study. Medicine, 102(12), e33327. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033327
  35. McClelland, D. C. (2015). The Achievement Motive. United States: Martino Publishing.
  36. Moslehpour, M., Firman, A., Sulistiawan, J., Lin, P. K., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2023). Unraveling the puzzle of turnover intention: exploring the impact of home-work interface and working conditions on affective commitment and job satisfaction. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090699
  37. Nurjaman, E., Brahmasari, I. A., Aju, I., & Ratih, B. (2022). Effects of integrity and achievement motivation on organizational commitment and performance of employees of the Directorate General of Customs East Java Region I , Indonesia. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Science), 49(12), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.12.25
  38. Nurochim, N. (2020). The effect of achievement motivation on organizational commitment in high school level of education. Tarbiyah: Jurnal of Education in Muslim Society, 7(2), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.15408/ tjems.v7i2.15956
  39. Özer, B. U., Saçkes, M., & Tuckman, B. W. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Tuckman procrastination scale in a Turkish sample. Psychological Reports, 113(3), 874–884. https://doi.org/10.2466/03.20.PR0.113x28z7
  40. Pestana, J. V., Codina, N., & Valenzuela, R. (2020). Leisure and procrastination, a quest for autonomy in free time investments: task avoidance or accomplishment?. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02918
  41. Prem, R., Scheel, T. E., Weigelt, O., Hoffmann, K., & Korunka, C. (2018). Procrastination in daily working life: a diary study on within-person processes that link work characteristics to workplace procrastination. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(JUL), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01087
  42. Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2006). Effects of psychological contract breach on performance of IT employees: the mediating role of affective commitment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(2), 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X53183
  43. Rosário, P., Costa, M., Núñez, J. C., González-Pienda, J., Solano, P., & Valle, A. (2009). Academic procrastination: associations with personal, school, and family variables. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001530
  44. Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01384942
  45. Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological contracts in the workplace: understanding the ties that motivate. Academy of Management Perspectives, 18(1), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2004.12689213
  46. Rousseau, D. M. (2008). Psychological Contract Inventory: Employee and Employer Obligations. The Heinz School ‐‐ Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved from https://www.cmu.edu/tepper/faculty-and-research/assets/docs/psychological-contract-inventory-2008.pdf
  47. Rousseau, D. M. (2015). I-deals: Idiosyncratic Deals Employees Bargain for Themselves, first edition. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315703589
  48. Salguero-Pazos, M. R., & Reyes-de-Cózar, S. (2023). Interventions to reduce academic procrastination: a systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 121, 102228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102228
  49. Scheunemann, A., Schnettler, T., Bobe, J., Fries, S., & Grunschel, C. (2022). A longitudinal analysis of the reciprocal relationship between academic procrastination, study satisfaction, and dropout intentions in higher education. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 37(4), 1141-1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-021-00571-z
  50. Sharma, M. P. (1999). Determinants of task procrastination: public vs private sector comparison. Paradigm, 3(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971890719990104
  51. Smith, R. L. (2015). A contextual measure of achievement motivation: significance for research in counseling.
  52. Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.31.4.503
  53. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
  54. Steel, P., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2016). Academic procrastination: psychological antecedents revisited. Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12173
  55. Story, P. A., Hart, J. W., Stasson, M. F., & Mahoney, J. M. (2018). Using a two-factor theory of achievement motivation to examine performance-based outcomes and self-regulatory processes. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.023
  56. Sunarta, S., Tjahjono, H. K., Muafi, & Prajogo, W. (2023a). Organizational justice on employee procrastination: a moderated-mediation model of job satisfaction and psychological contract breach. International Journal of Profesional Business Review, 8(5), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i5.1881
  57. Sunarta, S., Tjahjono, H. K., Muafi, M., & Prajogo, W. (2023b). Psychological contract breach as moderator to the influence of the organizational justice on job satisfaction and employee procrastination. In Alareeni, B., & Hamdan, A. (Eds.), Sustainable Finance, Digitalization and the Role of Technology. ICBT 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 487, pp. 357-367). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08084-5_27
  58. Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., & Xu, X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(3), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12256
  59. Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
  60. Thomas, S. (2020). A study on procrastination and achievement motivation among young adults during lockdown. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(November), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.25215/0804.049
  61. Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51(2), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164491512022
  62. van Eerde, W., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2018). Overcoming procrastination? A meta-analysis of intervention studies. Educational Research Review, 25, 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.002
  63. Van Lange, P. A. M., & Balliet, D. (2015). Interdependence Theory. In Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Simpson, J. A., & Dovidio, J. F. (Eds.), APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, Interpersonal Relations (Vol. 3, pp. 65–92). USA: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14344-003
  64. Veles, N., Graham, C., & Ovaska, C. (2023). University professional staff roles, identities, and spaces of interaction: systematic review of literature published in 2000–2020. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 7(2), 127-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2023.2193826
  65. Victor, B., & Blackburn, R. S. (1987). Interdependence: an alternative conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 12(3), 486-498. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306563
  66. Weymann, E. C. (1988, August). Procrastination in the workplace: dispositional and situational determinants of delay behavior at work. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1988, No. 1, pp. 226-230). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1988.4980589
  67. Yu, K., Lin, W., Wang, L., Ma, J., Wei, W., Wang, H., & Shi, J. (2014). The role of affective commitment and future work self salience in the abusive supervision-job performance relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12101
  68. Zdonek, I., Hysa, B., & Zdonek, D. (2021). Academic staff in the context of known theories of motivation. European Research Studies Journal, 24(1), 906–935. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/99819
  69. Zenger, T. R., Lazzarini, S. G., & Poppo, L. (2000). The new institutionalism in strategic management. Advances in Strategic Management, 19, 277-305.
  70. Zhang, L., & Deng, Y. (2016). Guanxi with supervisor and counterproductive work behavior: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2438-7