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Abstract
Spatial transition theory defines that people behave differently in the cyber world than in the physical world. This theory attempts to explain patterns of cyber-criminal behavior by categorizing cyber-crimes into four main categories of cyber offenses, namely violent behavior, cyberbullying, fraud, cyber theft, and cyber pornography. The topic of cyber bullying is highlighted in this study since this behavior appears to have turned into something that is taken lightly in Indonesian society. Acts of bullying in cyberspace are carried out without burden by the perpetrator. The belief that bullying behavior becomes tolerated and will not raise legal consequences had made the perpetrator feel free. Bullying brings effects to the victim which severely impact their psychological welfare, which may even lead to depression and even death. This research describes cyberbullying behavior in the study of the spatial transition of cybercrimes theory as an effort to examine and to identify the background of why the perpetrator has the heart and courage to commit such crime. By utilising a criminological approach, the data collected were classified with cases of cyberbullying in the previous year of 2022-2023, in the form of social media information via Instagram. This research explores cases of cyberbullying which mainly poses an impact on the psychological losses of victims of crimes that occur on social media in Indonesia. This research is expected to provide an understanding of cybercrime patterns for the purpose of preventing cyberbullying behavior.
Keywords: Bullying; Criminology; Cyberspace.
Abstrak
Teori transisi ruang menjelaskan bahwa orang memiliki perilaku yang berbeda di dunia siber dengan dunia fisik. Teori ini berupaya menjelaskan pola perilaku kriminal siber dengan mengkategorikan kejahatan dunia maya ke dalam empat jenis utama pelanggaran dunia maya yaitu perilaku kekerasan cyberbullying, penipuan, pencurian di dunia maya, dan pornografi dunia maya. Topik cyberbullying ini dipilih karena perilaku ini seolah telah menjadi norma yang dilonggarkan dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Tindakan bullying di dunia maya dilakukan tanpa beban oleh pelaku. Adanya keyakinan bahwa perilaku perundungan merasa aman dan tidak akan menimbulkan akibat hukum membuat pelaku merasa bebas. Efek yang ditimbulkan terhadap korban memberi pengaruh psikologi yang berat, bahkan sampai pada depresi bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini menguraikan perilaku cyberbullying dalam kajian teori the space transition of cybercrimes sebagai upaya mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui latar belakang mengapa pelaku tega dan berani melakukan kejahatan ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kriminologis, data yang diambil dikelompokkan dengan kasus-kasus cyberbullying dalam satu tahun terakhir, 2022-2023, dalam bentuk informasi media sosial melalui Instagram. Riset ini menggali kasus cyberbullying yang utamanya berdampak pada kerugian psikis dari korban kejahatan yang terjadi di media sosial di Indonesia. Riset ini diharapkan memberikan pemahaman mengenai pola kejahatan cybercrimes sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya perilaku cyberbullying.
Kata Kunci: Dunia Maya; Kriminologi; Perundungan.
Keywords
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References
Abayomi, Ajibade A. “Applying Space Transition Theory to Cyber Crime: A Theoretical Analysis of Revenge Pornography in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 11 (2020).
Antama, Febrizal, Mukhtar Zuhdy, dan Heri Purwanto. “Faktor Penyebab Cyberbullying yang Dilakukan oleh Remaja di Kota Yogyakarta.” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020).
Assarut, Nuttapol, Piyabutr Bunaramrueang, dan Patanaporn Kowpatanakit. “Clustering Cyberspace Population and the tendency to Commit Cyber Crime: A Quantitative Application of Space Transition Theory.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 12, no. 1 (January-June 2019).
Danquah, P, dan o b Longe. “An Empirical Test of the Space Transition Theory of Cyber Criminality: Investigating Cybercrime Causation Factors in Ghana.” African Journal of Computing & ICT 4, no. 2 (2011): 37-48.
Denanda, Natasya Pazha, dan Fitria Rismaningtyas. “Praktik Sosial Cyberbullying dalam Jaringan.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi 10 (2021).
Dewi, Heni Aguspita, Suryani, dan Aat Sriati. “Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Cyberbullying pada Remaja: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Nursing Care 3, no. 2 (2020).
Dian, Rusti. Ibu Hamil yang Direkam Tanpa Izin Alami. 24 Oktober 2023. https://narasi.tv/read/narasi-daily/viral-ibu-hamil-direkam-tanpa-izin-di-krl (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Grabosky, P N, dan R G Smith. “Digital Crime in the Twenty-first Century.” Journal of Information Ethics 10, no. 1 (2011).
Jaishankar, K. “Establishing a Theory of Cyber Crimes.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 1, no. 2 (July 2007).
Julianti, Shinta. “Cancel Culture: Cyberbullying on Twitter Seen from the Space Transition Theory.” Jurnal Sosial Humaniora 14, no. 2 (Oktober 2023): 162-176.
Lowry, Paul Benjamin, dan Jun Zhang. “Why Do Adults Engage in Cyberbullying on Social Media? An Integration of Online Disinhibition and Deindividuation Effects with the Social Structure and Social Learning Model.” Information Systems Research 27, no. 4 (December 2016): 962-986.
Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah. “The New Face of Cyberbullying in Indonesia: How Can We Provide Justice to the Victims?” The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, no. 1 (2021): 57-76.
Polri, Pusiknas Bareskrim. Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia Naik Berkali-kali Lipat. 5 Januari 2023. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/kejahatan_siber_di_indonesia_naik_berkali-kali_lipat (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Republika. Pelaku Bully Anak Disabilitas yang Viral di Medsos Dikeluarkan dari Sekolah. 22 Septem 2022. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/rim3e2330/pelaku-bully-anak-disabilitas-yang-viral-di-medsos-dikeluarkan-dari-sekolah# (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Tonellotto, Maurizio. Crime and Victimization in Cyberspace: A Socio-Criminological Approach to Cybercrime. IGI Global, 2019.
Wismabrata, Michael Hangga. Bocah SD Korban Perundungan di Tasikmalaya Meninggal, Praktisi Ungkap Dampak Kekerasan Siber. 21 Juli 2022. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/21/110054478/bocah-sd-korban-perundungan-di-tasikmalaya-meninggal-praktisi-ungkap-dampak?page=all (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Yanti, Nurrahma. “Fenomena Cyberbullying pada Media Sosial Instagram.” Jurnal Pustaka Ilmiah 4, no. 1 (2018).
References
Abayomi, Ajibade A. “Applying Space Transition Theory to Cyber Crime: A Theoretical Analysis of Revenge Pornography in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 11 (2020).
Antama, Febrizal, Mukhtar Zuhdy, dan Heri Purwanto. “Faktor Penyebab Cyberbullying yang Dilakukan oleh Remaja di Kota Yogyakarta.” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020).
Assarut, Nuttapol, Piyabutr Bunaramrueang, dan Patanaporn Kowpatanakit. “Clustering Cyberspace Population and the tendency to Commit Cyber Crime: A Quantitative Application of Space Transition Theory.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 12, no. 1 (January-June 2019).
Danquah, P, dan o b Longe. “An Empirical Test of the Space Transition Theory of Cyber Criminality: Investigating Cybercrime Causation Factors in Ghana.” African Journal of Computing & ICT 4, no. 2 (2011): 37-48.
Denanda, Natasya Pazha, dan Fitria Rismaningtyas. “Praktik Sosial Cyberbullying dalam Jaringan.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi 10 (2021).
Dewi, Heni Aguspita, Suryani, dan Aat Sriati. “Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Cyberbullying pada Remaja: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Nursing Care 3, no. 2 (2020).
Dian, Rusti. Ibu Hamil yang Direkam Tanpa Izin Alami. 24 Oktober 2023. https://narasi.tv/read/narasi-daily/viral-ibu-hamil-direkam-tanpa-izin-di-krl (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Grabosky, P N, dan R G Smith. “Digital Crime in the Twenty-first Century.” Journal of Information Ethics 10, no. 1 (2011).
Jaishankar, K. “Establishing a Theory of Cyber Crimes.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 1, no. 2 (July 2007).
Julianti, Shinta. “Cancel Culture: Cyberbullying on Twitter Seen from the Space Transition Theory.” Jurnal Sosial Humaniora 14, no. 2 (Oktober 2023): 162-176.
Lowry, Paul Benjamin, dan Jun Zhang. “Why Do Adults Engage in Cyberbullying on Social Media? An Integration of Online Disinhibition and Deindividuation Effects with the Social Structure and Social Learning Model.” Information Systems Research 27, no. 4 (December 2016): 962-986.
Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah. “The New Face of Cyberbullying in Indonesia: How Can We Provide Justice to the Victims?” The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, no. 1 (2021): 57-76.
Polri, Pusiknas Bareskrim. Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia Naik Berkali-kali Lipat. 5 Januari 2023. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/kejahatan_siber_di_indonesia_naik_berkali-kali_lipat (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Republika. Pelaku Bully Anak Disabilitas yang Viral di Medsos Dikeluarkan dari Sekolah. 22 Septem 2022. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/rim3e2330/pelaku-bully-anak-disabilitas-yang-viral-di-medsos-dikeluarkan-dari-sekolah# (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Tonellotto, Maurizio. Crime and Victimization in Cyberspace: A Socio-Criminological Approach to Cybercrime. IGI Global, 2019.
Wismabrata, Michael Hangga. Bocah SD Korban Perundungan di Tasikmalaya Meninggal, Praktisi Ungkap Dampak Kekerasan Siber. 21 Juli 2022. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/21/110054478/bocah-sd-korban-perundungan-di-tasikmalaya-meninggal-praktisi-ungkap-dampak?page=all (diakses Oktober 25, 2023).
Yanti, Nurrahma. “Fenomena Cyberbullying pada Media Sosial Instagram.” Jurnal Pustaka Ilmiah 4, no. 1 (2018).