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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peresepan oba! di puskesmas cenderung berlebih, salah satunya adalah antibiotik. Permasalahan yang potensial terjadi akibat penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan adalah pesatnya pertumbuhan bakteri-bakteri yang resisten, di samping potensi terjadinya efek yang tidak dikehendaki dan bertambahnya beban biaya kesehatan yang harus ditanggung baik oleh pasien maupun pemerintah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat peresepan antibiotik di puskesmas yang berada di Kabupaten Sleman Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta selama tahun 2004 - 2008. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data penggunaan antibiotik dari 5 (lima) puskesmas yang dipilih secara purposive sampling.Data penggunaan antibiotik setiap puskesmas untuk lima tahun selama tahun 2004 - 2008 diperoleh dari unit farmasi puskesmas, meliputi data jenis antibiotik, bentuk sediaan, serta jumlah penggunaan. Kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik selanjutnya dihitung dalam satuan DDD/1000 kunjungan pasien rawat jalan (DDD/1000KPRJ) berdasarkan metode ATC/DDD yang direkomendasikan WHO, dan selanjutnya dihitung persentase peresepan antibiotik berdasarkan persentase pasien rawat jalan yang mendapatkan resep antibiotik, menggunakan asumsi peresepan antibiotik untuk setiap pasien adalah 5 (lima) hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik di kelima puskesmas selama tahun 2004 - 2008 menunjukkan pola yang hampir seragam dalam hal jenis antibiotik dan kuantitas penggunaan untuk setiap jenis antibiotik. Namun demikian terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal total kuantitas antibiotik yang digunakan selama tahun 2004 - 2008 dan juga rata-rata peresepan antibiotik. Selama tahun 2004 - 2008 rata-rata tingkat peresepan antibiotik di kelima puskesmas berkisar antara 13,6 % sampai 21,2 %, dan jenis antibiotik yang diresepkan relatif sama di antara kelima puskesmas tersebut.
Kata kunci: antibiotik, ATC/DDD, DDD/1000KPRJ, puskesmas
ABSTRACT
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics became a major public-health problem, antibiotic use is increasingly recognised as the main selective pressure driving this problem. Some researchs reported a high rates of antibitic prescription in primary care, espesially for respiratory tract infections. To combate antibiotic resistance, monitoring of antibiotic prescription should accompany other surveillance programmes. However, data for antibiotic prescriptions are often scarce and not freely available. This research was aimed to know antibiotic prescription rates at primary health center (PHC) in Sleman Yogyakarta during 2004 - 2008. Data of antibiotic use obtained from pharmacy unit of 5 PHCs in Sleman Yogyakarta, and the PHCs were selected purvosively based on data availabilty throughout the study periods. Antibioticutilization was retrieved including name, dosage form, and quantity of use. The quantity of antibiotics use finally expressed as the number of defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 admissions based on 2003 ATC/DDD guideline released by WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, and then antibiotic prescription rates for each PHC was calculated using the number of DDD per 1000 admissions based an assumption that at the PHCs systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 5 days. Antibiotic utilization for each PHC was compared for each year during 2004 - 2008 including total number of antibiotics agents used, total quantity of antibiotics used, and also antibiotics prescription rates. During 2004 - 2008, average of antibiotic prescription rates in the 5 PHCs range from 13.6 % to 21.2 %, and the item of used antibiotics were relatively same among the PHCs.
Keywords: antibiotic, ATC/DDD, prescription, primay health center
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