Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Sterile compounding, a critical aspect of pharmaceutical practice, involves the preparation of customized medications in a sterile environment. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and efficacy of compounded sterile products (CSPs), making their involvement integral to the healthcare system.
Objective: This article aims to describe the role of pharmacists in sterile compounding based on literature.
Method: Articles from Medline/PubMed, guidelines, reports, and databases related to sterile compounding have been searched and compiled. This review collected the qualitative data and identified the critical point for continuous quality improvement initiatives in sterile compounding.
Results: This comprehensive narrative review explores the multifaceted responsibilities of pharmacists in sterile compounding, drawing insights from various studies and databases. However, the study related to the pharmacist's role in sterile compounding practices is very limited. Recent articles that mention the pharmacist's role in sterile compounding commonly come from the guidelines or government documents. In general, CSP needs a commitment to comply with regulatory standards for achieving patient safety using the integration of technology and healthcare collaboration. Continuous professional development is a crucial contributor to keeping the quality of compounded sterile products.
Conclusion: The findings from various journals underscore the complexity of their responsibilities and emphasize the need for a holistic approach to ensure the integrity and safety of compounded sterile products in diverse healthcare settings.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
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- Dalton, K., & Byrne, S. (2017). Role of The Pharmacist In Reducing Healthcare Costs: Current Insights. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 6, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s108047
- EAHP. (2023). LinkedIn Profile. European Association Hospital Pharmacy. https://be.linkedin.com/company/the-european-association-of-hospital-pharmacists
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- Hanifah, S., Ball, P. A., & Kennedy, R. A. (2022). Management of Y-Site Incompatibility of Intravenous Medication: A Scoping Review. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 33(3), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2262
- Hanifah, S., Maulidani, Y., Nugroho, B. H., & Sari, C. P. (2021). Provision of Standardized All-in-One Parenteral Nutrition (AIO-PN) for Very Preterm Neonates: Evaluation at Room and Cold Temperatures. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 13(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS
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- Johnson, R., & Davis, P. (2020). Ensuring Patient Safety in Sterile Compounding: The Pharmacist's Imperative. Pharmacy Today, 26(5), 45-52.
- Kemenkes RI. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 72 Tahun 2016 tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
- Kim, E., Worley, M. M., & Law, A. V. (2023). Pharmacist Roles In The Medication Use Process: Perceptions of Patients, Physicians, and Pharmacists. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(4), 1120–1130.
- Garcia, M., & Patel, S. (2019). Continuous Professional Development for Pharmacists in Sterile Compounding: Navigating Evolving Standards. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(17), 1325-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.013
- Lam, S. W., & Sokn, E. (2019). Effect of Pharmacy-Driven Bedside Discharge Medication Delivery Program on Day 30 Hospital Readmission. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 33(5), 628–632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190019825961
- Lee, K., O’Donnell, L. K., Cross, A. J., Hawthorne, D., & Page, A. T. (2023). Clinical Pharmacists’ Reported Approaches and Processes For Undertaking Home Medicines Review Services: A National Survey. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 109, 104965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2023.104965
- Lee, C., & Chen, L. (2018). Integrating Automation in Sterile Compounding: A Review of Technological Advancements. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 34(2), 67-75.
- Mill, D., Johnson, J. L., Lee, K., Salter, S. M., D’Lima, D., Seubert, L., Clifford, R., & Page, A. T. (2021). Use of Professional Practice Guidance Resources In Pharmacy: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey of Pharmacists, Intern Pharmacists, and Pharmacy Students. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(114), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00395-8
- Minor, S., Huffman, M., Lewis, P., Kost, A., & Prunuske, J. (2019). Community Preceptor Perspectives on Recruitment and Retention: The CoPPRR Study. Family Medicine, 51(5), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2019.937544
- Mustikawati, Hendrawati, Rahayu, W., & Karim, A. (2023). Effective Communication on Adolescent Delinquency at SMK Jaya Buana. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 6(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v6i1.371
- Myers, C. E. (2013). History of Sterile Compounding In U.S. Hospitals: Learning From The Tragic Lessons of The Past. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 70(16), 1414–1427. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130112
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- Saseen, J. J., Ripley, T. L., Bondi, D., Burke, J. M., Cohen, L. J., McBane, S., McConnell, K. J., Sackey, B., Sanoski, C., Simonyan, A., Taylor, J., & Griend, J. P. Vande. (2017). ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies. Pharmacotherapy, 37(5), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1923
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References
Abdelaziz, H., Al Anany, R., Elmalik, A., Saad, M., Prabhu, K., Al-Tamimi, H., Salah, S. A., & Cameron, P. (2016). Impact of Clinical Pharmacy Services In A Short Stay Unit of A Hospital Emergency Department In Qatar. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(4), 776–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0290-9
Abdulghani, K. H., Aseeri, M. A., Mahmoud, A., & Abulezz, R. (2017). The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Medication Reconciliation During Admission At Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 40(1), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0568-6
Agomo, C. O., Ogunleye, J., & Portlock, J. (2016). Strategies Enhancing The Public Health Role of Community Pharmacists: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 7(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12131
Alhamoudi, A., & Alnattah, A. (2018). Pharmacy Education In Saudi Arabia: The Past, The Present, and The Future. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2017.09.014
Aprilliano, B., Giuliano, C., Reed, J. B., & Kale-Pradhan, P. (2023). Evaluation of References Supporting Hospital Pharmacy Policies. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 42(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160119
Ayalew, M. B., Solomon, L., & Abay, S. (2019). Pharmaceutical Care Practice in Community and Institutional Drug Retail Outlets of Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia. Global Advances In Health and Medicine, 8, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2164956119868777
Brown, A., & White, B. (2021). Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Sterile Compounding: A Comprehensive Approach. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice, 29(4), 123-140.
Croft, H., Gilligan, C., Rasiah, R., Levett-Jones, T., & Schneider, J. (2018). Thinking in Pharmacy Practice: A Study of Community Pharmacists’ Clinical Reasoning in Medication Supply Using the Think-Aloud Method. Pharmacy, 6(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6010001
Dalton, K., & Byrne, S. (2017). Role of The Pharmacist In Reducing Healthcare Costs: Current Insights. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 6, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s108047
EAHP. (2023). LinkedIn Profile. European Association Hospital Pharmacy. https://be.linkedin.com/company/the-european-association-of-hospital-pharmacists
Fan, M., Yang, D., Ng, B., Jackson, J., Bouris, K., Eng, S., Rolko, E., & Trbovich, P. (2022). Impact of Technology-Assisted Versus Manual Sterile Compounding on Safety and Efficiency In A Canadian Community Hospital. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 79(19), 1685–1696. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxac167
Hanifah, S., Ball, P. A., & Kennedy, R. A. (2022). Management of Y-Site Incompatibility of Intravenous Medication: A Scoping Review. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 33(3), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2262
Hanifah, S., Maulidani, Y., Nugroho, B. H., & Sari, C. P. (2021). Provision of Standardized All-in-One Parenteral Nutrition (AIO-PN) for Very Preterm Neonates: Evaluation at Room and Cold Temperatures. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 13(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS
Helgesen, A. K., Nome, C. M., Stenbjerg, J. K., Arnesen, M. H., Aardalen, T. R., Dilles, T., & Grøndahl, V. A. (2024). Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Healthcare—A Study of Nurses’, Pharmacists’, and Physicians’ Experiences of Interprofessional Collaboration. Healthcare, 12(1100), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111100
Islam, M. A., Khan, S. A., Gunaseelan, S., & Talukder, R. (2015). Specialty Education For Student Pharmacists and PharmD Graduates In U.S. Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.12.001
Jean, S. J., Francart, S. J., Eckel, S. F., Schenkat, D., Eberwein, S., Lamm, M., Barnes, N., Valgus, J. M., & Amerine, L. B. (2020). Evaluation of Telepharmacy and The Use of A Gravimetric Technology–Assisted Workflow System For Remote Sterile Product Pharmacist Checks. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 77(7), 560–567. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa015
Jeyaraman, M., Ramasubramanian, S., Kumar, S., Jeyaraman, N., Selvaraj, P., Nallakumarasamy, A., Bondili, S. K., & Yadav, S. (2023). Multifaceted Role of Social Media In Healthcare: Opportunities, Challenges, and The Need For Quality Control. Cureus, 15(5), e39111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39111
Johnson, R., & Davis, P. (2020). Ensuring Patient Safety in Sterile Compounding: The Pharmacist's Imperative. Pharmacy Today, 26(5), 45-52.
Kemenkes RI. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 72 Tahun 2016 tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, E., Worley, M. M., & Law, A. V. (2023). Pharmacist Roles In The Medication Use Process: Perceptions of Patients, Physicians, and Pharmacists. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(4), 1120–1130.
Garcia, M., & Patel, S. (2019). Continuous Professional Development for Pharmacists in Sterile Compounding: Navigating Evolving Standards. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(17), 1325-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.013
Lam, S. W., & Sokn, E. (2019). Effect of Pharmacy-Driven Bedside Discharge Medication Delivery Program on Day 30 Hospital Readmission. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 33(5), 628–632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190019825961
Lee, K., O’Donnell, L. K., Cross, A. J., Hawthorne, D., & Page, A. T. (2023). Clinical Pharmacists’ Reported Approaches and Processes For Undertaking Home Medicines Review Services: A National Survey. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 109, 104965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2023.104965
Lee, C., & Chen, L. (2018). Integrating Automation in Sterile Compounding: A Review of Technological Advancements. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 34(2), 67-75.
Mill, D., Johnson, J. L., Lee, K., Salter, S. M., D’Lima, D., Seubert, L., Clifford, R., & Page, A. T. (2021). Use of Professional Practice Guidance Resources In Pharmacy: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey of Pharmacists, Intern Pharmacists, and Pharmacy Students. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(114), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00395-8
Minor, S., Huffman, M., Lewis, P., Kost, A., & Prunuske, J. (2019). Community Preceptor Perspectives on Recruitment and Retention: The CoPPRR Study. Family Medicine, 51(5), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2019.937544
Mustikawati, Hendrawati, Rahayu, W., & Karim, A. (2023). Effective Communication on Adolescent Delinquency at SMK Jaya Buana. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 6(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v6i1.371
Myers, C. E. (2013). History of Sterile Compounding In U.S. Hospitals: Learning From The Tragic Lessons of The Past. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 70(16), 1414–1427. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130112
Qadus, S., Naser, A. Y., Al-Rousan, R., & Daghash, A. (2022). Utilization of Drug Information Resources Among Community Pharmacists In Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 30(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.001
Saseen, J. J., Ripley, T. L., Bondi, D., Burke, J. M., Cohen, L. J., McBane, S., McConnell, K. J., Sackey, B., Sanoski, C., Simonyan, A., Taylor, J., & Griend, J. P. Vande. (2017). ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies. Pharmacotherapy, 37(5), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1923
Smith, J., et al. (2019). Regulatory Compliance in Sterile Compounding: Navigating USP and FDA Guidelines. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 23(1), 34-45.
Tran, T., Khattar, S., Vu, T. T., Potter, M., Hodding, J., Kuo, G. M., & Le, J. (2017). Impact of Pharmacist Discharge Counseling On Hospital Readmission and Emergency Department Visit. Journal of Hospital Administration, 6(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n2p68
Truong, H., & Nguyen, T. (2020). An Assessment of Pharmacist's Sterile Compounding Competencies. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 0897190020969144
United States Pharmacopeia (USP). (2023). Standards Build Trust in Medicines and a Stronger Supply Chain. Available from https://www.usp.org/
Whyte, W. (2004). Assessing Microbial Risk To Patients From Aseptically Manufactured Pharmaceuticals. European Journal of Parenteral and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(3), 71–77.
