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Abstract
Although previous studies on usury have been conducted, the focus on customers’ knowledge of usury was limited. This study aimed to analyze Islamic bank customers’ cognitive process regarding usury and to analyze the differences between Muslim and non-Muslim customers’ perspectives regarding usury practice in the bank. The study could be categorized as qualitative because it used qualitative data in the form of interview results. Furthermore, it used a case study approach with Bank Syariah Indonesia Manado as the location. Twenty customers of the bank, ten of them Muslims and ten other non-Muslims, were selected as participants using a convenience sampling method. They were interviewed using the Zoom application to collect data on their knowledge regarding usury and Islamic banks. Anderson and Krathwohl’s categories of the cognitive process were used to categorize participants’ responses. The results showed that all customers attained level 1 (remember) and level 2 (understand) usury and only four of them attained level 3 (apply) based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s categorization. It implied that only four of ten Muslim participants become customers of the Islamic bank because of their belief in the bank’s status as a usury-free financial institution. Other findings suggested that all customers were in the same opinion that money lending practiced by the loan sharks should be categorized as usury, while not all customers viewed money lending by the current banking industry as usury.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Telsy Fratama Dewi Samad, Ahmad Saifulloh
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References
- Anderson, Lorin W, and David R Krathwohl. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman, 2001.
- Bloom, Benjamin Samuel. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. New York; London: Longman, 1984.
- Budiantoro, Risanda Alirastra, Riesanda Najmi Sasmita, and Tika Widiastuti. “Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) Dan Pelarangan Riba Dalam Perspektif Historis [The (Islamic) Economic System and the Prohibition of Riba in a Historical Perspective].” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i01.138.
- Calder, Ryan. “God’s Technicians: Religious Jurists and the Usury Ban in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.” Archives Europeennes de Sociologie 57, no. 2 (2016): 207–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975616000096.
- Chapra, M. Umer. “The Nature of Riba in Islam.” Millah Jurnal Studi Agama 8, no. 1 (2008): 1–16. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Millah/article/view/431.
- Firdaus, Rahmat. “Perbedaan Pandangan Fuqaha Ihwal Bunga Bank Dan Riba [Differences in the Opinion of the Fuqaha Regarding Bank Interest and Riba].” Ekonomika Syariah: Journal of Economic Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 47–60. https://doi.org/10.30983/es.v3i2.2150.
- Ghafur, Abd. “Al-Riba (Bunga) Dalam Perspektif Sejarah & Agama [Al-Riba (Interest) in Historical and Religious Perspective].” Iqtishodiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam 4, no. 2 (2018): 1–15. https://ejournal.inzah.ac.id/index.php/iqtishodiyah/article/view/80.
- Hamzah, Muhammad Maulana. “Peran Dan Pengaruh Fatwa MUI Dalam Arus Transformasi Sosial Budaya Di Indonesia [The Role and Influence of the MUI Fatwa in the Flow of Socio-Cultural Transformation in Indonesia].” Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama 17, no. 1 (February 2018): 127–54. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol17.iss1.art7.
- Health Liaison Librarians. “LibGuides: Qualitative Study Design: Case Studies,” June 11, 2021. https://deakin.libguides.com/qualitative-study-designs/case-studies.
- Jafri, Syed Hussain Ali, and Lawrence S. Margolis. “The Treatment of Usury in the Holy Scriptures.” Thunderbird International Business Review 41, no. 4–5 (1999): 371–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.4270410405.
- Lewis, Mervyn K. “Chapter 5: Comparing Islamic and Christian Attitudes to Usury.” In Handbook of Islamic Banking, edited by M. Kabir Hassan and Mervyn K. Lewis, 64–81. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205414.00013.
- Maloney, Robert P. “The Teaching of the Fathers on Usury: An Historical Study on the Development of Christian Thinking.” Vigiliae Christianae 27, no. 4 (1973): 241–65. https://doi.org/10.1163/157007273X00233.
- Maloney, Robert P. “Usury in Greek, Roman and Rabbinic Thought.” Traditio 27 (1971): 79–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362152900005286.
- Munthe, Marabona. “Fatwa Bunga Bank Perspektif Maqashid Syariah [Fatwa on Bank Interest from Maqashid of Sharia Perspective].” Al-Amwal : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 1 (2020): 66–76. http://jurnal.stei-iqra-annisa.ac.id/index.php/al-amwal/article/view/147.
- Naufal, Ahmad. “Riba Dalam Al-Quran Dan Strategi Menghadapinya [Riba in the Quran and Strategies to Deal with It].” Al Maal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking 1, no. 1 (2019): 100. https://doi.org/10.31000/almaal.v1i1.1838.
- Nurajizah, and Oktarina Juwita Rohmawati. “Pengaruh Tingkat Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Riba Terhadap Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Di Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Artha Madani Cikarang [The Influence of Public Understanding of Riba on the Decision to Become a Customer at the Artha Madani Sharia People’s Financing Bank (BPRS) Cikarang].” Jurnal Al-Fatih Global Mulia 2, no. 2 (2020): 31–48. https://jurnalglobalmulia.or.id/index.php/alfatih/article/view/21.
- O’Donovan, Joan Lockwood. “The Theological Economics of Medival Usury Theory.” Studies in Christian Ethics 14, no. 1 (2001): 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/095394680101400105.
- Persky, Joseph. “From Usury To Interest.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (2007): 227–36.
- Robbani, Shofa. “Analisis Pemahaman Nasabah BNI Syariah Tentang Ke’syariah’an BNI Syariah (Studi Kasus BNI Syariah Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta) [Analysis of BNI Syariah Customer Understanding About BNI Syariah’s Sharia (Case Study of BNI Syariah Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta)].” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 2, no. 1 (2013): 41–60. https://doi.org/10.21111/iej.v2i1.164.
- Santosa, R. Ery Wibowo Agung, and Setia Budhi Wilardjo. “Pengaruh Pembinaan Kerohanian, Pemahaman Riba Dan Bank Syariah Terhadap Sikap Pedagang Kecil Dalam Menghindari Renternir [The Effect of Spiritual Development, Understanding of Riba and Islamic Banks on the Attitude of Small Traders in Avoiding Loan Sharks].” In Prosiding Kontribusi Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Dalam Program Sustainable Development Goals, 305–10. Semarang, Indonesia: Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, 2016. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/psn12012010/article/view/2111.
- Suardi, Didi. “Pandangan Riba Dan Bunga: Perspektif Lintas Agama Dan Perbedaannya Dengan Sistem Bagi Hasil Dalam Ekonomi Islam [The View of Riba and Interest: Cross-Religious Perspectives and Their Differences with Profit Sharing Systems in Islamic Economics].” Banque Syar’i : Jurnal Ilmiah Perbankan Syariah 5, no. 1 (2019): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.32678/bs.v5i1.1940.
- Taeusch, Carl F. “The Concept of ‘Usury’ the History of an Idea.” Journal of the History of Ideas 3, no. 3 (1942): 291–318. https://doi.org/10.2307/2707306.
- Tho’in, Muhammad. “Larangan Riba Dalam Teks Dan Konteks (Studi Atas Hadits Riwayat Muslim Tentang Pelaknatan Riba) [The Prohibition of Riba in Text and Context (Study of the Hadith of Muslim History About the Cursing of Riba)].” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 2, no. 02 (2016): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v2i02.44.
- Visser, Wayne A. M., and Alastair Macintosh. “A Short Review of the Historical Critique of Usury.” Accounting, Business & Financial History 8, no. 2 (July 1998): 175–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/095852098330503.
- Wahid, St. Hadijah, Sapriadi, and Karina Alifiana Karunia. “Riba Perspektif Sejarah Dan Religiusitas [Riba from Historical and Religious Perspectives].” Jurnal Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 2, no. 2 (2020): 113–26. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ahkam.v2i2.430.
- Yusuf, Muhammad Yasir. “Dinamika Fatwa Bunga Bank Di Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Fatwa MUI, Muhammaddiyah Dan Nahdhatul Ulama [Dynamics of Bank Interest Fatwa in Indonesia: A Study of the Fatwas of MUI, Muhammaddiyah and Nahdhatul Ulama].” Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial 14, no. 2 (October 2012): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.22373/JMS.V14I2.1872.
References
Anderson, Lorin W, and David R Krathwohl. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman, 2001.
Bloom, Benjamin Samuel. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. New York; London: Longman, 1984.
Budiantoro, Risanda Alirastra, Riesanda Najmi Sasmita, and Tika Widiastuti. “Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) Dan Pelarangan Riba Dalam Perspektif Historis [The (Islamic) Economic System and the Prohibition of Riba in a Historical Perspective].” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i01.138.
Calder, Ryan. “God’s Technicians: Religious Jurists and the Usury Ban in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.” Archives Europeennes de Sociologie 57, no. 2 (2016): 207–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975616000096.
Chapra, M. Umer. “The Nature of Riba in Islam.” Millah Jurnal Studi Agama 8, no. 1 (2008): 1–16. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Millah/article/view/431.
Firdaus, Rahmat. “Perbedaan Pandangan Fuqaha Ihwal Bunga Bank Dan Riba [Differences in the Opinion of the Fuqaha Regarding Bank Interest and Riba].” Ekonomika Syariah: Journal of Economic Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 47–60. https://doi.org/10.30983/es.v3i2.2150.
Ghafur, Abd. “Al-Riba (Bunga) Dalam Perspektif Sejarah & Agama [Al-Riba (Interest) in Historical and Religious Perspective].” Iqtishodiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam 4, no. 2 (2018): 1–15. https://ejournal.inzah.ac.id/index.php/iqtishodiyah/article/view/80.
Hamzah, Muhammad Maulana. “Peran Dan Pengaruh Fatwa MUI Dalam Arus Transformasi Sosial Budaya Di Indonesia [The Role and Influence of the MUI Fatwa in the Flow of Socio-Cultural Transformation in Indonesia].” Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama 17, no. 1 (February 2018): 127–54. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol17.iss1.art7.
Health Liaison Librarians. “LibGuides: Qualitative Study Design: Case Studies,” June 11, 2021. https://deakin.libguides.com/qualitative-study-designs/case-studies.
Jafri, Syed Hussain Ali, and Lawrence S. Margolis. “The Treatment of Usury in the Holy Scriptures.” Thunderbird International Business Review 41, no. 4–5 (1999): 371–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.4270410405.
Lewis, Mervyn K. “Chapter 5: Comparing Islamic and Christian Attitudes to Usury.” In Handbook of Islamic Banking, edited by M. Kabir Hassan and Mervyn K. Lewis, 64–81. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205414.00013.
Maloney, Robert P. “The Teaching of the Fathers on Usury: An Historical Study on the Development of Christian Thinking.” Vigiliae Christianae 27, no. 4 (1973): 241–65. https://doi.org/10.1163/157007273X00233.
Maloney, Robert P. “Usury in Greek, Roman and Rabbinic Thought.” Traditio 27 (1971): 79–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362152900005286.
Munthe, Marabona. “Fatwa Bunga Bank Perspektif Maqashid Syariah [Fatwa on Bank Interest from Maqashid of Sharia Perspective].” Al-Amwal : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 1 (2020): 66–76. http://jurnal.stei-iqra-annisa.ac.id/index.php/al-amwal/article/view/147.
Naufal, Ahmad. “Riba Dalam Al-Quran Dan Strategi Menghadapinya [Riba in the Quran and Strategies to Deal with It].” Al Maal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking 1, no. 1 (2019): 100. https://doi.org/10.31000/almaal.v1i1.1838.
Nurajizah, and Oktarina Juwita Rohmawati. “Pengaruh Tingkat Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Riba Terhadap Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Di Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Artha Madani Cikarang [The Influence of Public Understanding of Riba on the Decision to Become a Customer at the Artha Madani Sharia People’s Financing Bank (BPRS) Cikarang].” Jurnal Al-Fatih Global Mulia 2, no. 2 (2020): 31–48. https://jurnalglobalmulia.or.id/index.php/alfatih/article/view/21.
O’Donovan, Joan Lockwood. “The Theological Economics of Medival Usury Theory.” Studies in Christian Ethics 14, no. 1 (2001): 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/095394680101400105.
Persky, Joseph. “From Usury To Interest.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (2007): 227–36.
Robbani, Shofa. “Analisis Pemahaman Nasabah BNI Syariah Tentang Ke’syariah’an BNI Syariah (Studi Kasus BNI Syariah Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta) [Analysis of BNI Syariah Customer Understanding About BNI Syariah’s Sharia (Case Study of BNI Syariah Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta)].” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 2, no. 1 (2013): 41–60. https://doi.org/10.21111/iej.v2i1.164.
Santosa, R. Ery Wibowo Agung, and Setia Budhi Wilardjo. “Pengaruh Pembinaan Kerohanian, Pemahaman Riba Dan Bank Syariah Terhadap Sikap Pedagang Kecil Dalam Menghindari Renternir [The Effect of Spiritual Development, Understanding of Riba and Islamic Banks on the Attitude of Small Traders in Avoiding Loan Sharks].” In Prosiding Kontribusi Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Dalam Program Sustainable Development Goals, 305–10. Semarang, Indonesia: Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, 2016. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/psn12012010/article/view/2111.
Suardi, Didi. “Pandangan Riba Dan Bunga: Perspektif Lintas Agama Dan Perbedaannya Dengan Sistem Bagi Hasil Dalam Ekonomi Islam [The View of Riba and Interest: Cross-Religious Perspectives and Their Differences with Profit Sharing Systems in Islamic Economics].” Banque Syar’i : Jurnal Ilmiah Perbankan Syariah 5, no. 1 (2019): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.32678/bs.v5i1.1940.
Taeusch, Carl F. “The Concept of ‘Usury’ the History of an Idea.” Journal of the History of Ideas 3, no. 3 (1942): 291–318. https://doi.org/10.2307/2707306.
Tho’in, Muhammad. “Larangan Riba Dalam Teks Dan Konteks (Studi Atas Hadits Riwayat Muslim Tentang Pelaknatan Riba) [The Prohibition of Riba in Text and Context (Study of the Hadith of Muslim History About the Cursing of Riba)].” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 2, no. 02 (2016): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v2i02.44.
Visser, Wayne A. M., and Alastair Macintosh. “A Short Review of the Historical Critique of Usury.” Accounting, Business & Financial History 8, no. 2 (July 1998): 175–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/095852098330503.
Wahid, St. Hadijah, Sapriadi, and Karina Alifiana Karunia. “Riba Perspektif Sejarah Dan Religiusitas [Riba from Historical and Religious Perspectives].” Jurnal Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 2, no. 2 (2020): 113–26. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ahkam.v2i2.430.
Yusuf, Muhammad Yasir. “Dinamika Fatwa Bunga Bank Di Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Fatwa MUI, Muhammaddiyah Dan Nahdhatul Ulama [Dynamics of Bank Interest Fatwa in Indonesia: A Study of the Fatwas of MUI, Muhammaddiyah and Nahdhatul Ulama].” Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial 14, no. 2 (October 2012): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.22373/JMS.V14I2.1872.