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Abstract
Indonesia and Malaysia generally have the same Islamic character and history, so the development of Islamic law also has the same roots. Then there were differences in the development of Islamic law, including the law on waqf, which was caused by differences in colonial history. The Dutch colonized Indonesia, and Malaysia was colonized by the British. Therefore, they have different systems and state administrations. This study aims to explain how much support for positive legal products that regulate waqf impacts the development of productive waqf instruments in Indonesia and Malaysia, although with different legal systems. This research is literature research with a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative model. Analysis of the data used is the interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The study results in show that in Indonesia and Malaysia, waqf legal products have existed since the sultanate era, colonial era, and independence era. Waqf legal products in Indonesia regulate more about waqf of immovable objects, which are regulated in different legal products. However, since the birth of the Waqf Law in 2004, waqf has not only focused on immovable objects but also movable and productive objects following the development of the financial world. And business. Likewise, in Malaysia, the legal product of waqf is included in family law which is regulated in the law in each different country, including the territory of the alliance. Productive waqf has also penetrated productive economic efforts by the purpose of waqf.
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Copyright (c) 2022 M. Roem Syibly, Nurul Mustaffa, Cahya Wulan Ndini, Muhammad Rabbani Bin Zulkifle
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References
Abdullah, W. J. (2021). The ulama, the state, and politics in Malaysia. Critical Asian Studies, 53(4), 499–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1960576
Amani, N. (2019). Studi komparatif antara kompetensi Peradilan Agama di Indonesia dan Peradilan Syariah di Malaysia (Terengganu) [Comparative study between the competence of the Religious Courts in Indonesia and the Sharia Courts in Malaysia (Terengganu)] [Doctoral dissertation, UIN Raden Fatah Palembang]. http://repository.radenfatah.ac.id/id/eprint/11608
Astutik, R. P., & Trisiana, A. (2020). Formation of Indonesia’s national law system. Jurnal Hukum Prasada, 7(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.7.2.2020.85-90
Aziz, M. (2017). Peran Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) dalam mengembangkan prospek wakaf uang di Indonesia [The role of the Indonesian Waqf Board in developing cash waqf prospects in Indonesia]. JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah), 2(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.30736/jesa.v2i1.14
Bakri, M. H., Md Sahiq, A. N. B., Ismail, S., Husin, A., Ali, R., & Rajiani, I. (2016). Waqf effeciency framework in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 27th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Innovation Management and Education Excellence Vision 2020, 2258–2264. https://ibima.org/accepted-paper/waqf-management-effeciency-framework-in-malaysia/
Busu, Z. M., & Kozako, I. N. ‘Ain M. F. (2019). Malacca laws: The effect of Islam and customs in the aspect of family law. Journal of Contemporary Social Science Research, 3(1), 37–47. https://www.jcssr.com.my/index.php/jcssr/article/view/28
Dahlan, R. (2016). Analisis kelembagaan Badan Wakaf Indonesia [Institutional analysis of the Indonesian Waqf Board]. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.15408/ess.v6i1.3125
Dar, Z. A. (2020). Islamic concept of waqf: Challenges and prospects with reference to the Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Waqf Board. Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20473/aijief.v3i2.23880
Djatnika, R. (1982). Wakaf tanah [Land waqf]. Al Ikhlas.
Haron, S. (2002, January 7). Pengelolaan wakaf di Malaysia: Suatu penilaian [Waqf management in Malaysia: An assessment]. Workshop International Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat Melalui Pengeloalaan Wakaf Produktif, Batam, Indonesia.
Hasanah, N., Sulistya, I., & Irfany, M. I. (2020). Strategi pengelolaan wakaf uang oleh Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) [Cash waqf management strategy by the Indonesian Waqf Board]. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 13(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.47411/al-awqaf.v13i1.95
Hooker, M. B. (1984). Islamic law in South-East Asia. Oxford University Press.
Ibad, M. K., Youtefani, S. A., & Rifa’i, M. D. Z. (2018). Problematika perwakafan di Indonesia: Telaah historis sosiologis [Problems of waqf in Indonesia: A sociological historical study]. Tazkiya, 19(02), 96–115. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1274
Ibrahim, B., Embong, R., Yunus, K., Mohd Yusuf, M. A., Adam, F., Ali, E. M. T. E., & Jusuf, A. J. M. (2016). Ijtihad in the contemporary fiqh of medicine from Malaysian experians. Social Sciences (Pakistan), 11(23), 5732–5742. https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2016.5732.5742
Islamiyati. (2019). Studi komperatif sistem hukum wakaf antara negara Indonesia dan Malaysia [Comparative study of waqf legal systems between Indonesia and Malaysia]. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Islam, 3(2), 178–199. https://www.jhei.appheisi.or.id/index.php/jhei/article/view/51
Ismail, C. Z., Salim, N. J., & Hanafiah, N. J. A. (2015). Administration and management of waqf land in Malaysia: Issues and solutions. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S2), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p613
Itang, I., & Syakhabyatin, I. (2017). Sejarah wakaf di Indonesia [History of waqf in Indonesia]. Tazkiya, 18(02), 220–237. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1151
Jaharuddin, & Dhewayani, R. (2020). Praktek wakaf produktif di Malaysia [Productive waqf practices in Malaysia]. Hikam Pustaka.
Jamil, U. N. A. B. M. (2010). Syarat-syarat kelayakan hakim mahkamah syariah dan mahkamah sivil dalam sistem peradilan Terengganu Malaysia [Eligibility requirements for sharia court judges and civil court judges in the Malaysian Terengganu justice system] [Bachelor’s thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/4608
Kamaruddin, Z. (2012). The Islamic legal system in Malaysia and the quest for transformation in the 21st century. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 74–82. http://www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2012/Special%20oct/74-82.pdf
Lev, D. S. (1985). Colonial law and the genesis of the Indonesian state. Indonesia, 40, 57–74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3350875
Mahsun. (2011). Hukum dan manajerial wakaf di Malaysia [Waqf law and management in Malaysia]. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 2(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v2i1.47
Mannan, M. A. (1989). Economic development and social peace in Islam: An analytical study of the process of economic development in the Muslim community of today. Ta-Ha Publishers.
Moustafa, T. (2013). Islamic law, women’s rights, and popular legal consciousness in Malaysia. Law and Social Inquiry, 38(1), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01298.x
Mubarok, A. Z. S. (2021). Literasi wakaf uang berbasis masjid [Mosque-based cash waqf literacy]. Jurnal Bimas Islam, 14(1), 132–160. https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v14i1.355
Nissa, C. (2017). Sejarah, dasar hukum dan macam-macam wakaf [History, legal basis and types of waqf]. Tazkiya, 18(2), 205–219. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1150
Nugraha, A. L., Susilo, A., Huda, M., Athoillah, M. A., & Rochman, C. (2022). Waqf literacy: The dynamics of waqf in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.47700/jiefes.v3i2.5082
Nurozi, A. (2022). Comparative study of the process of Islamic law legislation in Indonesia with Malaysia and its implementation into legislation regulations. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 20(1), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v20i1.5906
Prihatna, A. A., Bakar, I. A., Helmanita, K., Kamil, S., Bamualim, C. S., al-Makassary, R., & Najib, T. A. (2006). Wakaf, tuhan dan agenda kemanusiaan: Studi tentang wakaf dalam perspektif keadilan sosial di indonesia (Jakarta). CSRC UIN Jakarta. //opac.fah.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=4385
Rahmany, S. (2019). Wakaf produktif di Malaysia [Productive Waqf in Malaysia]. Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita, 8(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v8i1.151
Rosyid, A. Z. (2014). Filantropi islam melalui pengembangan wakaf produktif [Islamic philanthropy through the development of productive waqf]. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 3(2), 431–460. https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v3i2.84
Salman, A. (2021). Islam and economics: A primer on markets, morality, and justice. Acton Institute.
Sharmin, S. (2012). Plural legal systems in Malaysia. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 44(66), 49–78. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2012.10756690
Soh, V. (2020, December 9). A tale of two systems: Sharia and civil law in Malaysia. DU Asian Law Journal. https://www.durhamasianlawjournal.com/post/a-tale-of-two-systems-sharia-and-civil-law-in-malaysia
Somadiyono, S. (2020). Perbandingan sistem hukum antara Indonesia dan Malaysia [Comparison of legal systems between Indonesia and Malaysia]. Wajah Hukum, 4(2), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i2.243
Sulaiman, M. B. H., Ahmad, N. H. M. N., & Ahmad, M. N. (2022). The advent of Islam and its impact on the Malay rulers and legal systems of the Malay states before European colonialization. https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/18465
Suryani, S., & Isra, Y. (2016). Wakaf produktif (cash waqf) dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah [Productive waqf (cash waqf) in the perspective of Islamic law and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 24(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.24.1.680
Syibly, M. R. (2021). Analisis maqasid asy-syariʻah terhadap pengembangan wakaf di pondok Pesantren Wali Songo Ngabar Ponorogo [Analysis of maqasid asy-shariʻah on the development of waqf at the Wali Songo Ngabar Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo] [Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta]. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/48752/
Tew, Y. (2011, January 1). The Malaysian legal system: A tale of two courts. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1922
Umar, N. (2013). Studi hukum perbandingan sistem ketatanegaraan Malaysia dan Indonesia [Comparative legal study of the constitutional systems of Malaysia and Indonesia]. Tahkim, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.33477/thk.v9i2.80
Zaman, D. A. (2022). Islamic economics: The polar opposite of capitalist economics. Islamic Research Institute, IIUI, Islamabad.
References
Abdullah, W. J. (2021). The ulama, the state, and politics in Malaysia. Critical Asian Studies, 53(4), 499–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1960576
Amani, N. (2019). Studi komparatif antara kompetensi Peradilan Agama di Indonesia dan Peradilan Syariah di Malaysia (Terengganu) [Comparative study between the competence of the Religious Courts in Indonesia and the Sharia Courts in Malaysia (Terengganu)] [Doctoral dissertation, UIN Raden Fatah Palembang]. http://repository.radenfatah.ac.id/id/eprint/11608
Astutik, R. P., & Trisiana, A. (2020). Formation of Indonesia’s national law system. Jurnal Hukum Prasada, 7(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.7.2.2020.85-90
Aziz, M. (2017). Peran Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) dalam mengembangkan prospek wakaf uang di Indonesia [The role of the Indonesian Waqf Board in developing cash waqf prospects in Indonesia]. JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah), 2(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.30736/jesa.v2i1.14
Bakri, M. H., Md Sahiq, A. N. B., Ismail, S., Husin, A., Ali, R., & Rajiani, I. (2016). Waqf effeciency framework in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 27th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Innovation Management and Education Excellence Vision 2020, 2258–2264. https://ibima.org/accepted-paper/waqf-management-effeciency-framework-in-malaysia/
Busu, Z. M., & Kozako, I. N. ‘Ain M. F. (2019). Malacca laws: The effect of Islam and customs in the aspect of family law. Journal of Contemporary Social Science Research, 3(1), 37–47. https://www.jcssr.com.my/index.php/jcssr/article/view/28
Dahlan, R. (2016). Analisis kelembagaan Badan Wakaf Indonesia [Institutional analysis of the Indonesian Waqf Board]. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.15408/ess.v6i1.3125
Dar, Z. A. (2020). Islamic concept of waqf: Challenges and prospects with reference to the Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Waqf Board. Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20473/aijief.v3i2.23880
Djatnika, R. (1982). Wakaf tanah [Land waqf]. Al Ikhlas.
Haron, S. (2002, January 7). Pengelolaan wakaf di Malaysia: Suatu penilaian [Waqf management in Malaysia: An assessment]. Workshop International Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat Melalui Pengeloalaan Wakaf Produktif, Batam, Indonesia.
Hasanah, N., Sulistya, I., & Irfany, M. I. (2020). Strategi pengelolaan wakaf uang oleh Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) [Cash waqf management strategy by the Indonesian Waqf Board]. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 13(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.47411/al-awqaf.v13i1.95
Hooker, M. B. (1984). Islamic law in South-East Asia. Oxford University Press.
Ibad, M. K., Youtefani, S. A., & Rifa’i, M. D. Z. (2018). Problematika perwakafan di Indonesia: Telaah historis sosiologis [Problems of waqf in Indonesia: A sociological historical study]. Tazkiya, 19(02), 96–115. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1274
Ibrahim, B., Embong, R., Yunus, K., Mohd Yusuf, M. A., Adam, F., Ali, E. M. T. E., & Jusuf, A. J. M. (2016). Ijtihad in the contemporary fiqh of medicine from Malaysian experians. Social Sciences (Pakistan), 11(23), 5732–5742. https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2016.5732.5742
Islamiyati. (2019). Studi komperatif sistem hukum wakaf antara negara Indonesia dan Malaysia [Comparative study of waqf legal systems between Indonesia and Malaysia]. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Islam, 3(2), 178–199. https://www.jhei.appheisi.or.id/index.php/jhei/article/view/51
Ismail, C. Z., Salim, N. J., & Hanafiah, N. J. A. (2015). Administration and management of waqf land in Malaysia: Issues and solutions. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S2), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p613
Itang, I., & Syakhabyatin, I. (2017). Sejarah wakaf di Indonesia [History of waqf in Indonesia]. Tazkiya, 18(02), 220–237. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1151
Jaharuddin, & Dhewayani, R. (2020). Praktek wakaf produktif di Malaysia [Productive waqf practices in Malaysia]. Hikam Pustaka.
Jamil, U. N. A. B. M. (2010). Syarat-syarat kelayakan hakim mahkamah syariah dan mahkamah sivil dalam sistem peradilan Terengganu Malaysia [Eligibility requirements for sharia court judges and civil court judges in the Malaysian Terengganu justice system] [Bachelor’s thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/4608
Kamaruddin, Z. (2012). The Islamic legal system in Malaysia and the quest for transformation in the 21st century. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 74–82. http://www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2012/Special%20oct/74-82.pdf
Lev, D. S. (1985). Colonial law and the genesis of the Indonesian state. Indonesia, 40, 57–74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3350875
Mahsun. (2011). Hukum dan manajerial wakaf di Malaysia [Waqf law and management in Malaysia]. Al-Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 2(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v2i1.47
Mannan, M. A. (1989). Economic development and social peace in Islam: An analytical study of the process of economic development in the Muslim community of today. Ta-Ha Publishers.
Moustafa, T. (2013). Islamic law, women’s rights, and popular legal consciousness in Malaysia. Law and Social Inquiry, 38(1), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01298.x
Mubarok, A. Z. S. (2021). Literasi wakaf uang berbasis masjid [Mosque-based cash waqf literacy]. Jurnal Bimas Islam, 14(1), 132–160. https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v14i1.355
Nissa, C. (2017). Sejarah, dasar hukum dan macam-macam wakaf [History, legal basis and types of waqf]. Tazkiya, 18(2), 205–219. https://jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/1150
Nugraha, A. L., Susilo, A., Huda, M., Athoillah, M. A., & Rochman, C. (2022). Waqf literacy: The dynamics of waqf in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.47700/jiefes.v3i2.5082
Nurozi, A. (2022). Comparative study of the process of Islamic law legislation in Indonesia with Malaysia and its implementation into legislation regulations. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 20(1), 121–150. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v20i1.5906
Prihatna, A. A., Bakar, I. A., Helmanita, K., Kamil, S., Bamualim, C. S., al-Makassary, R., & Najib, T. A. (2006). Wakaf, tuhan dan agenda kemanusiaan: Studi tentang wakaf dalam perspektif keadilan sosial di indonesia (Jakarta). CSRC UIN Jakarta. //opac.fah.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=4385
Rahmany, S. (2019). Wakaf produktif di Malaysia [Productive Waqf in Malaysia]. Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita, 8(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v8i1.151
Rosyid, A. Z. (2014). Filantropi islam melalui pengembangan wakaf produktif [Islamic philanthropy through the development of productive waqf]. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 3(2), 431–460. https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v3i2.84
Salman, A. (2021). Islam and economics: A primer on markets, morality, and justice. Acton Institute.
Sharmin, S. (2012). Plural legal systems in Malaysia. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 44(66), 49–78. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2012.10756690
Soh, V. (2020, December 9). A tale of two systems: Sharia and civil law in Malaysia. DU Asian Law Journal. https://www.durhamasianlawjournal.com/post/a-tale-of-two-systems-sharia-and-civil-law-in-malaysia
Somadiyono, S. (2020). Perbandingan sistem hukum antara Indonesia dan Malaysia [Comparison of legal systems between Indonesia and Malaysia]. Wajah Hukum, 4(2), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i2.243
Sulaiman, M. B. H., Ahmad, N. H. M. N., & Ahmad, M. N. (2022). The advent of Islam and its impact on the Malay rulers and legal systems of the Malay states before European colonialization. https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/18465
Suryani, S., & Isra, Y. (2016). Wakaf produktif (cash waqf) dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah [Productive waqf (cash waqf) in the perspective of Islamic law and maqāṣid al-sharī’ah]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 24(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.24.1.680
Syibly, M. R. (2021). Analisis maqasid asy-syariʻah terhadap pengembangan wakaf di pondok Pesantren Wali Songo Ngabar Ponorogo [Analysis of maqasid asy-shariʻah on the development of waqf at the Wali Songo Ngabar Islamic Boarding School, Ponorogo] [Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta]. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/48752/
Tew, Y. (2011, January 1). The Malaysian legal system: A tale of two courts. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1922
Umar, N. (2013). Studi hukum perbandingan sistem ketatanegaraan Malaysia dan Indonesia [Comparative legal study of the constitutional systems of Malaysia and Indonesia]. Tahkim, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.33477/thk.v9i2.80
Zaman, D. A. (2022). Islamic economics: The polar opposite of capitalist economics. Islamic Research Institute, IIUI, Islamabad.
