Article Sidebar

Submitted
August 30, 2021
Accepted
April 29, 2022
Published
April 30, 2022
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 671 Download : 685

Main Article Content

Abstract

The social stigma of unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemic related to problems of marginalization. This study explores the construction of the meaning of the social stigma of unemployment in United States online media. This study is a comparative study to compare the construction of the meaning of social stigma between online media usa.today and nbcwashington.com with Entman's framing analysis. The problem formulated through framing is that social stigma makes it difficult for unemployed people to get a job, and stigma creates feelings of inferiority. The cause of the social stigma is the perception of low personal qualities and stigma consciousness. Framing moral judgment is a negative perception in employers' minds and the feeling of shame due to unemployment. Countermeasure suggestion is a wide distribution of vaccines and suggestions about ways to find work. Online media can contribute as agents of change through news framing to improve public perceptions and provide informational support.

Keywords

social stigma unemployment framing COVID-19

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Evanytha. Rustono Farady Marta, Hana Panggabean, Mercedes Amanda

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Author Biography

Mercedes Amanda , School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, China

School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361021

How to Cite
Evanytha, E., Marta , R. F. ., Panggabean , H. ., & Amanda , M. . (2022). Stigma Sosial Pengangguran di Media Daring Amerika Serikat pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 . Jurnal Komunikasi, 16(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol16.iss2.art5
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Ahmedani, B. K. (2011). Mental Health Stigma: Society, Individuals, and the Profession. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 8(2), 41–416. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3248273/
  2. Allsides. (2021). USA Today. https://www.allsides.com/news-source/usa-today-media-bias#July 2021
  3. Allyoucanread. (n.d.). Top 30 US Newspapers & News Sites. https://www.allyoucanread.com/american-newspapers/
  4. Brennan, M. (2020). American remain distrustful of mass media. https://news.gallup.com/poll/321116/americans-remain-distrustful-mass-media.aspx
  5. Brouwers, E. P. M. (2020). Social stigma is an underestimated contributing factor to unemployment in people with mental illness or mental health issues: Position paper and future directions. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00399-0
  6. Chinmi, M., Marta, R. F., Haryono, C. G., Fernando, J., & Goswami, J. K. (2020). Exploring online news as comparative study between Vendatu at Indiaand Ruangguru from Indonesia in COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 10(6), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.06.20/13
  7. Choi, S., Goller, F., Hong, U., Ansorge, U., & Yun, H. (2018). Figure and Ground in spatial language: Evidence from German and Korean. Language and Cognition, 10(4), 665–700. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.3
  8. Col, G., Aptekman, J., Girault, S., & Poibeau, T. (2011). Gestalt Compositionality and Instruction-Based Meaning Construction. Cogn Process, 13(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-011-0431-y
  9. Davidson, P. (2020). As COVID-19 persists, more Americans are unemployed beyond 6 months. Does that carry a stigma even in a pandemic? https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/12/04/jobs-near-me-chronic-unemployment-stigma-even-during-pandemic/3804962001/
  10. Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M., & Kring, A. M. (2004). Abnormal psychology (9th ed.) (9th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  11. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  12. Farré, L., Fasani, F., & Mueller, H. (2018). Feeling useless: The effect of unemployment on mental health in the great recession. IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 7(8), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-018-0068-5
  13. Feuls, M., Fieseler, C., & Suphan, A. (2014). A social net? Internet and social media use during unemployment. Work, Employment and Society, 28(4), 551–570. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017013519846
  14. Frost, D. M. (2011). Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(11), 824–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00394.x
  15. Funk, C., Tyson, A., Kennedy, B., & Johnson, C. (2020). Science and scientists held in high esteem across global publics. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2020/09/29/science-and-scientists-held-in-high-esteem-across-global-publics/
  16. Gallagher, C. (2021). Employment Trends Media and Social Media Analysis: A Look into the Evolving Conversations Inside and Outside the Beltway. https://forbes-tate.com/employment-trends-media-and-social-media-analysis-a-look-into-the-evolving-conversations-inside-and-outside-the-beltway/
  17. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Prentice Hall.
  18. Gushevinalti, G., Suminar, P., & Sunaryanto, H. (2020). Transformasi Karakteristik Komunikasi Di Era Konvergensi Media. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(01), 083. https://doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v6i01.2069
  19. Hammarström, A., & Ahlgren, C. (2019). Living in the shadow of unemployment -an unhealthy life situation: A qualitative study of young people from leaving school until early adult life. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8005-5
  20. Hasibuan, M. R., & Irwansyah, I. (2020). Strategi Image Repair PT HM Sampoerna TBK pada peristiwa ‘karyawan pabrik Surabaya positif COVID-19.’ Jurnal Komunikasi, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol15.iss1.art1
  21. Irwanto, & Gunawan, F. Y. (2018). Sejarah Psikologi (1st ed.). PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  22. Jäkel, F., Singh, M., Wichmann, F. A., & Herzog, M. H. (2016). An overview of quantitative approaches in Gestalt perception. Vision Research, 126, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.06.004
  23. Krug, G., Drasch, K., & Jungbauer-Gans, M. (2019). The Social Stigma of Unemployment: Consequences of Stigma Consciousness on Job Search Attitudes, Behaviour and Success. Journal for Labour Market Research, 53(11), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0261-4
  24. Li, F., Luo, S., Mu, W., Li, Y., Ye, L., Zheng, X., Xu, B., Ding, Y., Ling, P., Zhou, M., & Chen, X. (2021). Effects of Sources of Social Support and Resilience on the Mental Health of Different Age Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03012-1
  25. Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(2001), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
  26. Marta, R. F. (2017). Esensi Dan Pemetaan Teoretisasi Media Komunikasi Dalam Perspektif Karl Marx. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(02), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v2i02.839
  27. Marta, R. F., Prasetya, A. A., Laurensia, B., Stevani, S., & Syarnubi, K. L. (2020). Imbalance Identity in E-Sports News Intersectionality on Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 5(2), 206. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i2.769
  28. MBSC. (2021). Left vs. Right Bias: How we rate the bias of media sources. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/left-vs-right-bias-how-we-rate-the-bias-of-media-sources/
  29. MBSC. (2022a). NBC Washington. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/wrc-tv-nbc-washington/
  30. MBSC. (2022b). USA Today. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/usa-today-2/
  31. O’Donnell, A. T., Corrigan, F., & Gallagher, S. (2015). The impact of anticipated stigma on psychological and physical health problems in the unemployed group. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(August), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01263
  32. Panari, C., & Tonelli, M. (2022). Future Directions in the Research on Unemployment: Protean Career Orientation and Perceived Employability Against Social Disadvantage. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701861
  33. Panggabean, H. (2012). Peran Pengalaman Studi ke Luar Negeri dalam Membangun Kompetensi Global. Mind Set, 3(2), 73–83.
  34. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
  35. Peterie, M., Ramia, G., Marston, G., & Patulny, R. (2019). Social Isolation as Stigma-Management: Explaining Long-Term Unemployed People’s ‘Failure’ to Network. Sociology, 53(6), 1043–1060. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038519856813
  36. Royster, M., & Hogan, S. (2020). Unemployment Stigma? Majority of Unemployed Believe It Exists. https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/consumer/unemployment-stigma-majority-of-unemployed-believe-it-exists/2457227/#:~:text=LinkedIn surveyed 2%2C000 people recently,their ability to get hired.
  37. Sadmego, V. B., & Nasucha, M. (2019). Framing News on Religion and Living Environment in Online Media. Jurnal Komunikasi, 14(1), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol14.iss1.art6
  38. Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2011). Health psychology (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  39. Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x
  40. Schrader, D. E. (2015). Constructivism and Learning in the Age of Social Media: Changing Minds and Learning Communities. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2015(144), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20160
  41. Setiawan, J. H., Caroline, C., & Muharman, D. (2021). Content Analysis of Readers’ Comments on Media Aggregator as Feedback and Form of Public Opinion about COVID-19. Aspiration Journal, 2(1), 51–70.
  42. Stemberger, G. (2020). Does a Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications Still Fit in Our Time? Gestalt Theory, 42(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2020-0005
  43. Stuart, H. (2006). Media Portrayal of Mental Illness and Its Treatments: What effect does It Have on People with Mental Illness? CNS Drugs, 20(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200620020-00002
  44. Suparno. (2018). Gender-Based Poverty Alleviation in Grobogan Regency. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture, 10(2), 157–168.
  45. Taylor, S. E. (2018). Health psychology (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  46. Tyler, I., & Slater, T. (2018). Rethinking the Sociology of Stigma. The Sociological Review Monographs, 66(4), 721–743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118777425
  47. UN. (2022). COVID crisis to push global unemployment over 200 million mark in 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/06/1093182
  48. Utami, M., & Sokowati, M. E. (2021). Konstruksi Identitas Global Dan Lokal Dalam Majalah Gogirl!: Sebuah Hibriditas (Analisis Semiotik Majalah Gogirl! Edisi 101 Bulan Juni Tahun 2013). Jurnal Komunikasi, 15(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol15.iss2.art2
  49. Wagemans, J., Elder, J. H., Kubovy, M., Palmer, S. E., Peterson, M. A., Singh, M., & Heydt, R. von der. (2012). A Century of Gestalt Psychology in Visual Perception I. Perceptual Grouping and Figure-Ground Organization. Psychol Bull, 138(6), 1172–1217. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029333.A
  50. WHO. (2014). Stigma and discrimination. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/mental-health/priority-areas/stigma-and-discrimination
  51. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.