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Abstract
Motivation is believed to play a vital role in successful second language (L2) learning. Over the past five decades, L2 motivation theory has evolved significantly from static to more dynamic perspectives. This article reviews the four major second language (L2) motivation research phases (i.e., the social psychological period, the cognitive-situated period, the process-oriented period and the current socio-dynamic period); and contemplates the application of some motivational models that are relevant to a specific pedagogical context in an International Baccalaureate (IB), bilingual school in Indonesia, such as such as the instrumental motivation, the process-oriented model, the L2 Motivational Self System, and motivational teaching practices.
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References
- Clément, R. (1980). Ethnicity, contact and communicative competence in a second language. In Giles, H., Robinson, W.P. and Smith, P.M. (Eds.), Language: Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 147-154). Pergamon.
- Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z. and Noels, K. A. (1994). Motivation, self‐confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44(3), 417-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01113.x
- Crookes, G., & Schmidt, R. W. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning, 41(4), 469–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00690.x
- Dörnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing Motivation in Foreign Language Learning. Language Learning, 40 (1), 45–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00954.x
- Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. The Modern Language Journal Modern Language Journal, 78(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.2307/330107
- Dörnyei, Z. (2001a). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2001b). New themes and approaches in second language motivation research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21 (1), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190501000034
- Dörnyei, Z. (2002). The motivational basis of language learning tasks. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual Differences and Instructed Language Learning (pp. 137-158). John Benjamins.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational Self System. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 4-42). Multilingual Matters.
- Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). 2015. Motivational dynamics in language learning. Multilingual Matters.
- Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation. Pearson Education.
- Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and second language learning: the role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold.
- Gardner, R.C., & Lambert, W.E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley.
- Henry, A., Korp, H., Sundqvist, P., & Thorsen, C. (2018). Motivational strategies and the reframing of English: Activity design and challenges for teachers in contexts of extensive extramural encounters. Tesol Quarterly, 52(2), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.394
- International Baccalaureate Organization. (2017). What is an IB Education? Retrieved from https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/what-is-an-ib-education-2017-en.pdf
- Lamb, M. (2004). Integrative motivation in a globalized world. System, 32(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2003.04.002
- Lamb, M. (2017). The motivational dimension of language teaching. Language Teaching, 50(3), 301-346. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000088
- MacIntyre, P. D. (2002). Motivation, anxiety, and emotion in second language acquisition. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual Differences and Instructed Language Learning (pp. 45-68). John Benjamins.
- Noels, K. A., Pon, G., & Clément, R. (1996). Language, identity, and adjustment: The role of linguistic self-confidence in the acculturation process. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15(3), 246–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X960153003
- Pawlak, M. (2012). The dynamic nature of motivation in language learning: A classroom perspective. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 249-278. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.2.7
- Sekolah Cikal Setu Secondary. (2018). Parents Handbook. Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Williams, M., & Burden, R.L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers. Cambridge University Press.
References
Clément, R. (1980). Ethnicity, contact and communicative competence in a second language. In Giles, H., Robinson, W.P. and Smith, P.M. (Eds.), Language: Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 147-154). Pergamon.
Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z. and Noels, K. A. (1994). Motivation, self‐confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44(3), 417-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01113.x
Crookes, G., & Schmidt, R. W. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning, 41(4), 469–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00690.x
Dörnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing Motivation in Foreign Language Learning. Language Learning, 40 (1), 45–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00954.x
Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. The Modern Language Journal Modern Language Journal, 78(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.2307/330107
Dörnyei, Z. (2001a). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Dörnyei, Z. (2001b). New themes and approaches in second language motivation research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21 (1), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190501000034
Dörnyei, Z. (2002). The motivational basis of language learning tasks. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual Differences and Instructed Language Learning (pp. 137-158). John Benjamins.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational Self System. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 4-42). Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). 2015. Motivational dynamics in language learning. Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation. Pearson Education.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and second language learning: the role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold.
Gardner, R.C., & Lambert, W.E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley.
Henry, A., Korp, H., Sundqvist, P., & Thorsen, C. (2018). Motivational strategies and the reframing of English: Activity design and challenges for teachers in contexts of extensive extramural encounters. Tesol Quarterly, 52(2), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.394
International Baccalaureate Organization. (2017). What is an IB Education? Retrieved from https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/what-is-an-ib-education-2017-en.pdf
Lamb, M. (2004). Integrative motivation in a globalized world. System, 32(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2003.04.002
Lamb, M. (2017). The motivational dimension of language teaching. Language Teaching, 50(3), 301-346. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000088
MacIntyre, P. D. (2002). Motivation, anxiety, and emotion in second language acquisition. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual Differences and Instructed Language Learning (pp. 45-68). John Benjamins.
Noels, K. A., Pon, G., & Clément, R. (1996). Language, identity, and adjustment: The role of linguistic self-confidence in the acculturation process. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15(3), 246–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X960153003
Pawlak, M. (2012). The dynamic nature of motivation in language learning: A classroom perspective. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 249-278. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.2.7
Sekolah Cikal Setu Secondary. (2018). Parents Handbook. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Williams, M., & Burden, R.L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers. Cambridge University Press.