Main Article Content
Abstract
Google Docs has been reported by many researchers as a tool that facilitates EFL students’ performance enhancement in writing class, but the facts in using this tool from teachers’ point of view in managing a writing class still lack attention. This article aims to describe how Google Docs can assist EFL teachers in managing writing classes as well as the strategies that can be carried out to optimize the use of this tool. Using narrative inquiry, this study employed a teacher’s narratives and documentation of activities on Google Docs. Thematic coding was done to highlight meaningful experiences. It revealed that Google Docs assisted both students and teachers in terms of proofreading, giving feedback, and recording students’ activities. However, during the use of this tool, sort of challenges might hinder students’ progress, such as students’ ignorance of the helpful features and failure in complying with the instructions. Therefore, English teachers can prepare some strategies i.e. giving clear rules and instructions, having conferences and synchronous interaction more often on Google Docs, and building up students’ responsibility for the learning progress. It implies that technology itself doesn’t guarantee students’ improvement in writing, but teachers’ and students’ ability and responsibility in using the technology contribute more to the progress.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Atin Kurniawati
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References
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- Awada, G. M., & Diab, N. M. (2021). Effect of online peer review versus face-to-face peer review on argumentative writing achievement of EFL learners. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1912104
- Barkhuizen G., Benson P., & Chik A. (2014). Narrative inquiry in language teaching and learning research (4th ed.). Routledge.
- Bowen, N. E. J. A., Thomas, N., & Vandermeulen, N. (2022). Exploring feedback and regulation in online writing classes with keystroke logging. Computers and Composition, 63, 102692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2022.102692
- Chen, T. (2016). Technology-supported peer feedback in ESL/EFL writing classes: A research synthesis. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(2), 365–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.960942
- Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry: A methodology for studying lived experience. Research Studies in Music Education, 27(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X060270010301
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th Ed.). Pearson Education.
- Duijnhouwer, H., Prins, F. J., & Stokking, K. M. (2010). Progress feedback effects on students’ writing mastery goal, self-efficacy beliefs, and performance. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611003711393
- Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2017). Exploring the impact of online peer-editing using Google Docs on EFL learners’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(8), 787–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1363056
- Farid, S., & Samad, A. A. (2012). Effects of different kind of direct feedback on students’ writing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.265
- Han, T., & Sari, E. (2022). An investigation on the use of automated feedback in Turkish EFL students’ writing classes. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2067179
- Hoang, D. T. N., & Hoang, T. (2022). Enhancing EFL students’ academic writing skills in online learning via Google Docs-based collaboration: A mixed-methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2083176
- Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006). Feedback on second language students’ writing. Language Teaching, 39(2), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003399
- Keh, C. L. (1990). Feedback in the writing process: A model and methods for implementation. ELT Journal, 44(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/44.4.294
- Liu, M., & Braine, G. (2005). Cohesive features in argumentative writing produced by Chinese undergraduates. Sytem, 33(4), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2005.02.002
- Mansor, A. Z. (2012). Google Docs as a collaborating tool for academicians. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.295
- Mao, Z., & Lee, I. (2020). Feedback scope in written corrective feedback: Analysis of empirical research in L2 contexts. Assessing Writing, 45, 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100469
- McCarthy, K. S., Roscoe, R. D., Allen, L. K., Likens, A. D., & McNamara, D. S. (2022). Automated writing evaluation: Does spelling and grammar feedback support high-quality writing and revision? Assessing Writing, 52, 100608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100608
- Mills, M. S. (2013). Collaborative presentations using Google Docs. In S. P. Ferris, & A. H. Wilder (Eds), The Plugged-In Professor (pp. 151–163). Elsevier.
- Mohammed, M. A. S., & AL-Jaberi, M. A. (2021). Google Docs or Microsoft Word? Master’s students’ engagement with instructor written feedback on academic writing in a cross-cultural setting. Computers and Composition, 62, 102672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2021.102672
- Neumann, K. L., & Kopcha, T. J. (2019). Using Google Docs for peer-then-teacher review on middle school students’ writing. Computers and Composition, 54, 102524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2019.102524
- Pham, H. T. P. (2021). Computer-mediated and face-to-face peer feedback: Student feedback and revision in EFL writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1868530
- Prata, M. J., de Sousa, B., Festas, I., & Oliveira, A. L. (2019). Cooperative methods and self-regulated strategies development for argumentative writing. The Journal of Educational Research, 112(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2018.1427037
- Ranalli, J. (2021). L2 student engagement with automated feedback on writing: Potential for learning and issues of trust. Journal of Second Language Writing, 52, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100816
- Rastgou, A. (2022). How feedback conditions broaden or constrain knowledge and perceptions about improvement in L2 writing: A 12-week exploratory study. Assessing Writing, 53, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100633
- Saeed, M. A., & Al Qunayeer, H. S. (2022). Exploring teacher interactive e-feedback on students’ writing through Google Docs: Factors promoting interactivity and potential for learning. The Language Learning Journal, 50(3), 360–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1786711
- Suwantarathip, O., & Wichadee, S. (2014). The effects of collaborative writing activity using Google Docs on students’ writing abilities. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(2), 148–156.
- Yu, S. (2021). Feedback-giving practice for L2 writing teachers: Friend or foe? Journal of Second Language Writing, 52, 100798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100798
- Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Jiang, L., Liu, C., & Xu, Y. (2021). “I even feel annoyed and angry”: Teacher emotional experiences in giving feedback on student writing. Assessing Writing, 48, 100528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100528
- Zhu, W. (2001). Performing argumentative writing in english: Difficulties, processes, and strategies. TESL Canada Journal, 19(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v19i1.918
References
Alharbi, M. A. (2020). Exploring the potential of Google Doc in facilitating innovative teaching and learning practices in an EFL writing course. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 14(3), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2019.1572157
Awada, G. M., & Diab, N. M. (2021). Effect of online peer review versus face-to-face peer review on argumentative writing achievement of EFL learners. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1912104
Barkhuizen G., Benson P., & Chik A. (2014). Narrative inquiry in language teaching and learning research (4th ed.). Routledge.
Bowen, N. E. J. A., Thomas, N., & Vandermeulen, N. (2022). Exploring feedback and regulation in online writing classes with keystroke logging. Computers and Composition, 63, 102692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2022.102692
Chen, T. (2016). Technology-supported peer feedback in ESL/EFL writing classes: A research synthesis. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(2), 365–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.960942
Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry: A methodology for studying lived experience. Research Studies in Music Education, 27(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X060270010301
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Duijnhouwer, H., Prins, F. J., & Stokking, K. M. (2010). Progress feedback effects on students’ writing mastery goal, self-efficacy beliefs, and performance. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611003711393
Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2017). Exploring the impact of online peer-editing using Google Docs on EFL learners’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(8), 787–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1363056
Farid, S., & Samad, A. A. (2012). Effects of different kind of direct feedback on students’ writing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.265
Han, T., & Sari, E. (2022). An investigation on the use of automated feedback in Turkish EFL students’ writing classes. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2067179
Hoang, D. T. N., & Hoang, T. (2022). Enhancing EFL students’ academic writing skills in online learning via Google Docs-based collaboration: A mixed-methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2083176
Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006). Feedback on second language students’ writing. Language Teaching, 39(2), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003399
Keh, C. L. (1990). Feedback in the writing process: A model and methods for implementation. ELT Journal, 44(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/44.4.294
Liu, M., & Braine, G. (2005). Cohesive features in argumentative writing produced by Chinese undergraduates. Sytem, 33(4), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2005.02.002
Mansor, A. Z. (2012). Google Docs as a collaborating tool for academicians. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.295
Mao, Z., & Lee, I. (2020). Feedback scope in written corrective feedback: Analysis of empirical research in L2 contexts. Assessing Writing, 45, 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100469
McCarthy, K. S., Roscoe, R. D., Allen, L. K., Likens, A. D., & McNamara, D. S. (2022). Automated writing evaluation: Does spelling and grammar feedback support high-quality writing and revision? Assessing Writing, 52, 100608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100608
Mills, M. S. (2013). Collaborative presentations using Google Docs. In S. P. Ferris, & A. H. Wilder (Eds), The Plugged-In Professor (pp. 151–163). Elsevier.
Mohammed, M. A. S., & AL-Jaberi, M. A. (2021). Google Docs or Microsoft Word? Master’s students’ engagement with instructor written feedback on academic writing in a cross-cultural setting. Computers and Composition, 62, 102672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2021.102672
Neumann, K. L., & Kopcha, T. J. (2019). Using Google Docs for peer-then-teacher review on middle school students’ writing. Computers and Composition, 54, 102524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2019.102524
Pham, H. T. P. (2021). Computer-mediated and face-to-face peer feedback: Student feedback and revision in EFL writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1868530
Prata, M. J., de Sousa, B., Festas, I., & Oliveira, A. L. (2019). Cooperative methods and self-regulated strategies development for argumentative writing. The Journal of Educational Research, 112(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2018.1427037
Ranalli, J. (2021). L2 student engagement with automated feedback on writing: Potential for learning and issues of trust. Journal of Second Language Writing, 52, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100816
Rastgou, A. (2022). How feedback conditions broaden or constrain knowledge and perceptions about improvement in L2 writing: A 12-week exploratory study. Assessing Writing, 53, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100633
Saeed, M. A., & Al Qunayeer, H. S. (2022). Exploring teacher interactive e-feedback on students’ writing through Google Docs: Factors promoting interactivity and potential for learning. The Language Learning Journal, 50(3), 360–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1786711
Suwantarathip, O., & Wichadee, S. (2014). The effects of collaborative writing activity using Google Docs on students’ writing abilities. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(2), 148–156.
Yu, S. (2021). Feedback-giving practice for L2 writing teachers: Friend or foe? Journal of Second Language Writing, 52, 100798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100798
Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Jiang, L., Liu, C., & Xu, Y. (2021). “I even feel annoyed and angry”: Teacher emotional experiences in giving feedback on student writing. Assessing Writing, 48, 100528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100528
Zhu, W. (2001). Performing argumentative writing in english: Difficulties, processes, and strategies. TESL Canada Journal, 19(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v19i1.918