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Abstract
Reading section in TOEFL is challenging because there are many texts and test items to be completed in a relatively short time. Thus, test-takers should read quickly and precisely. This study describes the types of reading comprehension in Pre-Test and Post-Test TOEFL and its implications in teaching reading TOEFL. This research is descriptive and qualitative. The result analysis shows that several types of reading questions in Pre-Test and Post-Test TOEFL are 1) idea of passage questions, 2) directly answered questions, 3) indirectly answered questions, 4) vocabulary questions, and 5) overall review questions. When teaching TOEFL reading to students, it is important to employ several general strategies. These include introducing the various categories of reading questions, followed by questions that refer to specific sentences in the reading. Additionally, providing explanations on how to answer the questions is essential for effective comprehension. The TOEFL reading teaching strategy involves introducing various types of reading questions, and exercises that refer to certain sentences in the reading, as well as providing explanations on how to answer the questions. Through this approach, students can gain a better understanding of the structure and types of questions that may appear in the TOEFL exam.
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References
- Aebersold, J. A. , & Field, M. L. (1997). From Reader to Reading Teacher: Issues and Strategies for Second Language Classrooms (Cambridge Language Education). Cambridge University Press.
- Arisandi, D. A., Myartawan, I. P. N. W., & Mahayanti, N. W. S. (2017). An Analysis of the Types of Reading Comprehension Questions Used by Teachers in Senior High School in Singaraja Based on Cognitive Domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha.
- Bailey, R. X. (2001). TOEFL Testbuster: REA’s Testbuster for the Test of English As a Foreign Language with TESTware. Research & Education Assoc.
- Benedick, K. (2021). TOEFL IBT Reading Section: How To Master NEW TOEFL IBT Reading 2020: Toefl Test Prep. Independently Published.
- Castello, E. (2009). Text Complexity and Reading Comprehension Tests. Peter Lang CH. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0351-0276-5
- Day, R. R., & Park, J. (2005). Developing Reading Comprehension Questions. Reading in a Foreign Language, 17, 60–73. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140455832
- Farrell, T. S. C. (2009). Teaching Reading to English Language Learners: A Reflective Guide. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31622355
- Fauziati, E. (2016). Analisis Pertanyaan pada Butir Soal Reading Comprehension pada Test Toeic. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 17(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v17i1.2347
- Fauzy, E. R., Yudiashari, F., & Cristina, L. (2013). BREAK DOWN! Soal-Soal TOEFL. Ruang Kata.
- Febrina, Usman, B., & Muslem, A. (2019). Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions by Using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy on Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). English Education Journal, 10(1).
- Fitria, E., Syarif, H., & Refnaldi. (2014). An Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions in Textbooks “English Texts in Use and Look Ahead” for Senior High School Grade X. English Language Teaching (ELT), 2(2).
- Fitria, T. N. (2024). Choosing Objective and Non-objective Test as Instrument for Assessment of EFL Student Learning Outcomes. Globish: An English-Indonesian Journal for English, Education, and Culture, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31000/globish.v13i1.9601
- Fitria, T. N. (2021a). An Analysis of the Students’ Difficulties in TOEFL Prediction Test of Listening Section. ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education, 5(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v5i1.2212
- Fitria, T. N. (2021b). Students’ Ability in the Structure and Written Expression Section in TOEFL Prediction Test. Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 8(2), 152–163.
- Fitria, T. N. (2022). An Analysis of The Students’ Difficulty in Reading The Toefl Prediction Test. Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Seni, 23(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.24036/komposisi.v23i2.116291
- Fitria, T. N. (2023). A Library Research in English Education Research: A Guidance for Researchers in Writing Non-Research Articles. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper STIE AAS,.
- Fitria, T. N., & Prastiwi, I. E. (2020). Pelatihan Tes Toefl (Test Of English Foreign Language) Untuk Siswa Smk/Sma, Mahasiswa, Dosen Dan Umum. BUDIMAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29040/budimas.v2i2.1457
- Gear, J., & Gear, R. (2006). Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL® Test Book with CD-ROM. . Cambridge University Press.
- Irawati, I., & Widiyantari, Y. (2016). The Master of TOEFL. Bentang Pustaka.
- Kennison, S. (2018). Processing Across Languages (S. Kennison, Ed.). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-419-8
- Laila, I., & Fitriyah, I. (2022). An Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions in English Textbook Based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. JET (Journal of English Teaching), 8(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v8i1.3394
- Matthiesen, S. J. (2017). Essential Words for the TOEFL. Barrons Educational Service.
- Miller, G. S., & Wheeler, T. R. (2003). Cracking the TOEFL CBT. Princeton Review Publishing.
- Morris, H. (2019). Reading TOEFL IBT English Chinese Vocabulary Practice Book: Quick Way to Remember and Improve Reading Comprehension Scores With Vocab Flashcards for Practice Test Exercises. New Prep Plus 2019-2020 Official Study Guide Exam Pocket Book for Junior, Dummies. Independently published .
- Nisa, R., & Helmanda, C. M. (2019). The Classification of Reading Comprehension Test Items. Proceedings of EEIC.
- Nisa, R., & Helmanda, C. M. (2020). Analysis of Reading Comprehension Final Test At English Department of Muhammadiyah Aceh University. Getsempena English Education Journal, 7(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.46244/geej.v7i1.987
- Nugraha, P. A., & Gunarto, D. (2013). Big Bank soal + bahas Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA Kelas 1, 2, & 3. Wahyu Media.
- O′Dwyer, L. M., & Bernauer, J. A. (2013). Quantitative Research for the Qualitative Researcher. SAGE Publications.
- Oktavia, L. K. (2017). An Analysis of Reading Questions in English Textbook Based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. Universitas Brawijaya.
- Phillips, D. (2007). Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: IBT Reading. Pearson Education.
- Rollins, E. (2013). The Complete Idiot’s Guide to the TOEFL®: The Easiest Way to Prepare for the TOEFL Test. Penguin Grup.
- Shanks, J. (2004). TOEFL Paper-and-Pencil. Simon and Schuster.
- Sharpe, P. J. (2020). TOEFL Practice Exercises. . Simon and Schuster.
- Stirling, B. (2021). Scoring Strategies for the TOEFL iBT A Complete Guide. Nova Press .
- Trivette, W. (2020). 50 Powerful Vocabulary Terms & Preparation Guide for TOEFL iBT®. . Winfield Trivette.
- Tuncay, H. (2018). TOEFL® iBT READER Reading Practice Book for TOEFL iBT TOEFL iBT. . Tuncay (Yayıncılık) Publishing.
- Wicaksono, G. A. (2020). English Course Textbook (Textbook for EFL Students in the First Semester). Deepublish.
- Winke, P., & Brunfaut, T. (2020). The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing. Routledge.
References
Aebersold, J. A. , & Field, M. L. (1997). From Reader to Reading Teacher: Issues and Strategies for Second Language Classrooms (Cambridge Language Education). Cambridge University Press.
Arisandi, D. A., Myartawan, I. P. N. W., & Mahayanti, N. W. S. (2017). An Analysis of the Types of Reading Comprehension Questions Used by Teachers in Senior High School in Singaraja Based on Cognitive Domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha.
Bailey, R. X. (2001). TOEFL Testbuster: REA’s Testbuster for the Test of English As a Foreign Language with TESTware. Research & Education Assoc.
Benedick, K. (2021). TOEFL IBT Reading Section: How To Master NEW TOEFL IBT Reading 2020: Toefl Test Prep. Independently Published.
Castello, E. (2009). Text Complexity and Reading Comprehension Tests. Peter Lang CH. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0351-0276-5
Day, R. R., & Park, J. (2005). Developing Reading Comprehension Questions. Reading in a Foreign Language, 17, 60–73. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140455832
Farrell, T. S. C. (2009). Teaching Reading to English Language Learners: A Reflective Guide. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31622355
Fauziati, E. (2016). Analisis Pertanyaan pada Butir Soal Reading Comprehension pada Test Toeic. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 17(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v17i1.2347
Fauzy, E. R., Yudiashari, F., & Cristina, L. (2013). BREAK DOWN! Soal-Soal TOEFL. Ruang Kata.
Febrina, Usman, B., & Muslem, A. (2019). Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions by Using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy on Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). English Education Journal, 10(1).
Fitria, E., Syarif, H., & Refnaldi. (2014). An Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions in Textbooks “English Texts in Use and Look Ahead” for Senior High School Grade X. English Language Teaching (ELT), 2(2).
Fitria, T. N. (2024). Choosing Objective and Non-objective Test as Instrument for Assessment of EFL Student Learning Outcomes. Globish: An English-Indonesian Journal for English, Education, and Culture, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31000/globish.v13i1.9601
Fitria, T. N. (2021a). An Analysis of the Students’ Difficulties in TOEFL Prediction Test of Listening Section. ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education, 5(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v5i1.2212
Fitria, T. N. (2021b). Students’ Ability in the Structure and Written Expression Section in TOEFL Prediction Test. Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 8(2), 152–163.
Fitria, T. N. (2022). An Analysis of The Students’ Difficulty in Reading The Toefl Prediction Test. Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Seni, 23(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.24036/komposisi.v23i2.116291
Fitria, T. N. (2023). A Library Research in English Education Research: A Guidance for Researchers in Writing Non-Research Articles. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper STIE AAS,.
Fitria, T. N., & Prastiwi, I. E. (2020). Pelatihan Tes Toefl (Test Of English Foreign Language) Untuk Siswa Smk/Sma, Mahasiswa, Dosen Dan Umum. BUDIMAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29040/budimas.v2i2.1457
Gear, J., & Gear, R. (2006). Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL® Test Book with CD-ROM. . Cambridge University Press.
Irawati, I., & Widiyantari, Y. (2016). The Master of TOEFL. Bentang Pustaka.
Kennison, S. (2018). Processing Across Languages (S. Kennison, Ed.). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-419-8
Laila, I., & Fitriyah, I. (2022). An Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions in English Textbook Based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. JET (Journal of English Teaching), 8(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v8i1.3394
Matthiesen, S. J. (2017). Essential Words for the TOEFL. Barrons Educational Service.
Miller, G. S., & Wheeler, T. R. (2003). Cracking the TOEFL CBT. Princeton Review Publishing.
Morris, H. (2019). Reading TOEFL IBT English Chinese Vocabulary Practice Book: Quick Way to Remember and Improve Reading Comprehension Scores With Vocab Flashcards for Practice Test Exercises. New Prep Plus 2019-2020 Official Study Guide Exam Pocket Book for Junior, Dummies. Independently published .
Nisa, R., & Helmanda, C. M. (2019). The Classification of Reading Comprehension Test Items. Proceedings of EEIC.
Nisa, R., & Helmanda, C. M. (2020). Analysis of Reading Comprehension Final Test At English Department of Muhammadiyah Aceh University. Getsempena English Education Journal, 7(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.46244/geej.v7i1.987
Nugraha, P. A., & Gunarto, D. (2013). Big Bank soal + bahas Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA Kelas 1, 2, & 3. Wahyu Media.
O′Dwyer, L. M., & Bernauer, J. A. (2013). Quantitative Research for the Qualitative Researcher. SAGE Publications.
Oktavia, L. K. (2017). An Analysis of Reading Questions in English Textbook Based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. Universitas Brawijaya.
Phillips, D. (2007). Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: IBT Reading. Pearson Education.
Rollins, E. (2013). The Complete Idiot’s Guide to the TOEFL®: The Easiest Way to Prepare for the TOEFL Test. Penguin Grup.
Shanks, J. (2004). TOEFL Paper-and-Pencil. Simon and Schuster.
Sharpe, P. J. (2020). TOEFL Practice Exercises. . Simon and Schuster.
Stirling, B. (2021). Scoring Strategies for the TOEFL iBT A Complete Guide. Nova Press .
Trivette, W. (2020). 50 Powerful Vocabulary Terms & Preparation Guide for TOEFL iBT®. . Winfield Trivette.
Tuncay, H. (2018). TOEFL® iBT READER Reading Practice Book for TOEFL iBT TOEFL iBT. . Tuncay (Yayıncılık) Publishing.
Wicaksono, G. A. (2020). English Course Textbook (Textbook for EFL Students in the First Semester). Deepublish.
Winke, P., & Brunfaut, T. (2020). The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing. Routledge.