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Abstract
This study examined two instructional methods of grammar teaching for polytechnic students: the traditional method of translation and memorization and Content-Based Instruction (CBI). By involving first-year students majoring in Cyber Security, this study measured the impact of each method using pre- and post-tests focusing on key grammar topics integrated into IT content. The results showed that students in the CBI class outperformed those in the conventional class, wherein 53.34% of the former group attained converted grades of A and B while only 26.67% achieved similar grades in the latter. The students’ feedback collected through questionnaires indicated that they preferred CBI because it was more relevant and applicable to reality, thus motivating them and making the grammar understandable in context. CBI was effective in ESP settings because it combined language skills with subject matter, but it necessitated instructors to handle both language teaching and content area. The current study highlighted that CBI could be a more meaningful grammar instruction for providing better learner outcomes in technical fields.
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References
- Akramovna, T. U. (2023). THE BENEFITS OF CONTENT-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. Ta’lim Innovatsiyasi va Integratsiyasi, 11(1), 141–145.
- Al Amrani, M. (2019). Assessing the impact of content-based instruction on learning EFL in an ESP Class. Journal of Languages for Specific Purposes, 1(6), 15–30.
- Apolonio, J. A. (2021). Needs Analysis, Challenges, and Teaching Strategies in English Grammar Learning. Online Submission.
- Arnó-Macià, E., Aguilar-Pérez, M., & Tatzl, D. (2020). Engineering students’ perceptions of the role of ESP courses in internationalized universities. English for Specific Purposes, 58, 58–74.
- Aziz, S. N. S. M., & Shah, P. M. (2020). Language learning strategy (LLS) for English language learners in polytechnic. Journal of Personalized Learning, 3(1), 71–78.
- Bortnyk, S. (2021). Key Issues of English for Special Purposes (ESP) Competence in Adult Education and Career Development. Analele Universității „Dunărea de Jos” Din Galați, Fascicula XX, Sociologie, 16(1), 175–183.
- Cenoz, J. (2015). Content-based instruction and content and language integrated learning: the same or different? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2014.1000922
- Chang, S.-C. (2011). A contrastive study of grammar translation method and communicative approach in teaching English grammar. English Language Teaching, 4(2), 13.
- Channa, L. A., & Soomro, N. H. (2015). Content-Based Instruction: A Novel Second/Foreign Language Curricular Approach. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 13(1), 1–22. https://www.numl.edu.pk/journals/subjects/156636672113.1).pdf
- Chaves Yuste, B. (2022). Development of EFL communicative competence and sustainability awareness through CBI.
- Chugu, S., & Gladio, S. (2015). Content-based instruction in esp/efl: challenges and solutions in the multicultural world. Наукові Записки Національного Університету “Острозька Академія”. Серія «Філологічна», Вип. 53, 280–283.
- Çiftci, H., & Özcan, M. (2021). A Contrastive Analysis of Traditional Grammar Teaching and Communicative Language Teaching in Teaching English Grammar and Vocabulary. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 8(2), 709–729.
- Elmayantie, C. (2015). The use of grammar translation method in teaching English. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 5(2), 125–132.
- Enesi, M., Vrapi, F., & Trifoni, A. (2021). Challenges of teaching and learning English language for ESP courses. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(4), 213–226.
- Fălăuş, A. (2017). The current challenges of teaching ESP. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 200(1), 12059.
- Heo, Y. (2006). Content-based instruction. Hawaii Pacific University TESOL Working Paper Series, 4(2), 25–31.
- Herrera-Rivas, H., Roque-Hernández, R. V., Hernandez-Almazan, J.-A., & Vazquez, A. M. (2023). Attainment factors of information technology students from polytechnic university in Mexico. IEEE Transactions on Education, 66(4), 311–317.
- Iswati, L., & Triastuti, A. (2021). Voicing the challenges of ESP teaching: Lessons from ESP in non-English departments. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 276–293.
- Kho, M. G.-W., & Ting, S.-H. (2023). English Proficiency, Public Speaking Experience, and Communication Apprehension in Oral Presentation of Polytechnic Students. Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 8(1), 55–66.
- Khodabandeh, F., & Tharirian, M. H. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Blended, Flipped, and Traditional Teaching Strategies for Teaching Grammar on Iranian EFL Learners’’’’through English Newspaper Articles. Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly (Formerly Journal of Teaching Language Skills), 39(3.1), 89–129.
- KITTIVORAWIT, A., & SUCAROMANA, U. (2022). Using Content-based Instruction to Enhance Thai Students’ Collocation Competence in English Language. Proceedings of IAC 2022 in Prague, 1, 52.
- Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive Analysis in Education: A Guide for Researchers. NCEE 2017-4023. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
- Lytovchenko, I., Ogienko, O., Sbruieva, A., & Sotska, H. (2018). Teaching English for specific purposes to adult learners at university: methods that work. Advanced Education, 10, 69–75.
- Mahsar, L., & Mataram, S. T. P. (2020). Teaching English Using Content-Based Instruction (Cbi) in Improving Students’ English Speaking Skill. Hospitality.
- Marcu, N. A. (2022). Content-Based Instruction-A Method of Developing Language and Social Competences. Acta Marisiensis. Philologia, 4(4), 94–100.
- Martel, J. (2021). Moving Beyond the Grammatical Syllabus: Practical Strategies for Content-based Curriculum Design. Routledge.
- Mazdayasna, G., & Tahririan, M. H. (2008). Developing a profile of the ESP needs of Iranian students: The case of students of nursing and midwifery. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(4), 277–289.
- Miller, L. R., Klassen, K., & Hardy, J. W. (2021). Curriculum design from theory to practice: Preparing Japanese students to study abroad using content‐based language teaching. The Curriculum Journal, 32(2), 215–246.
- Mohammed, D. D. A. M. A., Emran, D. A. Q. M., Ali, D. R. F. F., & Ahmed, D. S. A. A. (2023). Examining the effectiveness of a Content-Based Instruction Approach on ESP College Students’ listening skills, motivation for learning and their Attitudes: A comparative Study in Egypt, KSA & Bahrain. Journal of Research in Curriculum Instruction and Educational Technology, 9(2), 277–334.
- Natsir, M., & Saragih, B. (2022). Implementation of Content-Based Instruction Approach in Teaching English for Maritime at Vocational High School Pelayaran Buana Bahari. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(3), 488–496.
- Olejniczak, M. (2011). English for Information Technology: Course Book (Issue v. 1). Pearson Education. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hPGbuAAACAAJ
- Omar, Y. Z. (2019). Teaching Pedagogical Grammar in Context to Enrich English Language Learners’ Academic Writing. Online Submission, 2(3), 213–225.
- Rahman, M. (2015). English for Specific Purposes (ESP): A Holistic Review. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(1), 24–31.
- Saengboon, S., Kosin, P., & Toomaneejinda, A. (2022). The roles of grammar in English language teaching: Local viewpoints. PASAA, 63(1), 179–204.
- Sampelolo, R., Abdullah, M., Lura, H., & Karuru, P. (2023). Digital ESP (English For Specific Purposes) Material Development CLIL (Content language integrating learning) Based. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 34, 6746–6762.
- Sariani, S., Yaningsih, Y., & Rozi, F. (2022). Implementing Content-Based Instruction (CBI) on EFL student’s writing through technology-enhanced language teaching. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(1).
- Shirav, A. (2023). Using CBI in ESP: The role of explicit instruction. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 5(3), 71–91.
- Snow, M. A. (2022). Content-Based Instruction: Innovations and Challenges. In Handbook of Practical Second Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 148–160). Routledge.
- Toma, D., & Rassul, T. (2023). Exploring EFL Students’ Perspectives on the Implementation of Content-Based Instruction for Improving English Language Skills in Entrepreneurship Education Module. Zanco Journal of Human Sciences, 27(4), 231–240.
- Tran, Q. T., & Duong, M. T. (2018). The difficulties in ESP reading comprehension encountered by English–majored students. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 34(2).
- Vold, E. T. (2020). Meaningful and contextualised grammar instruction: what can foreign language textbooks offer? Language Learning Journal, 48(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2017.1357745
References
Akramovna, T. U. (2023). THE BENEFITS OF CONTENT-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. Ta’lim Innovatsiyasi va Integratsiyasi, 11(1), 141–145.
Al Amrani, M. (2019). Assessing the impact of content-based instruction on learning EFL in an ESP Class. Journal of Languages for Specific Purposes, 1(6), 15–30.
Apolonio, J. A. (2021). Needs Analysis, Challenges, and Teaching Strategies in English Grammar Learning. Online Submission.
Arnó-Macià, E., Aguilar-Pérez, M., & Tatzl, D. (2020). Engineering students’ perceptions of the role of ESP courses in internationalized universities. English for Specific Purposes, 58, 58–74.
Aziz, S. N. S. M., & Shah, P. M. (2020). Language learning strategy (LLS) for English language learners in polytechnic. Journal of Personalized Learning, 3(1), 71–78.
Bortnyk, S. (2021). Key Issues of English for Special Purposes (ESP) Competence in Adult Education and Career Development. Analele Universității „Dunărea de Jos” Din Galați, Fascicula XX, Sociologie, 16(1), 175–183.
Cenoz, J. (2015). Content-based instruction and content and language integrated learning: the same or different? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2014.1000922
Chang, S.-C. (2011). A contrastive study of grammar translation method and communicative approach in teaching English grammar. English Language Teaching, 4(2), 13.
Channa, L. A., & Soomro, N. H. (2015). Content-Based Instruction: A Novel Second/Foreign Language Curricular Approach. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 13(1), 1–22. https://www.numl.edu.pk/journals/subjects/156636672113.1).pdf
Chaves Yuste, B. (2022). Development of EFL communicative competence and sustainability awareness through CBI.
Chugu, S., & Gladio, S. (2015). Content-based instruction in esp/efl: challenges and solutions in the multicultural world. Наукові Записки Національного Університету “Острозька Академія”. Серія «Філологічна», Вип. 53, 280–283.
Çiftci, H., & Özcan, M. (2021). A Contrastive Analysis of Traditional Grammar Teaching and Communicative Language Teaching in Teaching English Grammar and Vocabulary. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 8(2), 709–729.
Elmayantie, C. (2015). The use of grammar translation method in teaching English. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 5(2), 125–132.
Enesi, M., Vrapi, F., & Trifoni, A. (2021). Challenges of teaching and learning English language for ESP courses. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(4), 213–226.
Fălăuş, A. (2017). The current challenges of teaching ESP. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 200(1), 12059.
Heo, Y. (2006). Content-based instruction. Hawaii Pacific University TESOL Working Paper Series, 4(2), 25–31.
Herrera-Rivas, H., Roque-Hernández, R. V., Hernandez-Almazan, J.-A., & Vazquez, A. M. (2023). Attainment factors of information technology students from polytechnic university in Mexico. IEEE Transactions on Education, 66(4), 311–317.
Iswati, L., & Triastuti, A. (2021). Voicing the challenges of ESP teaching: Lessons from ESP in non-English departments. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 276–293.
Kho, M. G.-W., & Ting, S.-H. (2023). English Proficiency, Public Speaking Experience, and Communication Apprehension in Oral Presentation of Polytechnic Students. Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 8(1), 55–66.
Khodabandeh, F., & Tharirian, M. H. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Blended, Flipped, and Traditional Teaching Strategies for Teaching Grammar on Iranian EFL Learners’’’’through English Newspaper Articles. Teaching English as a Second Language Quarterly (Formerly Journal of Teaching Language Skills), 39(3.1), 89–129.
KITTIVORAWIT, A., & SUCAROMANA, U. (2022). Using Content-based Instruction to Enhance Thai Students’ Collocation Competence in English Language. Proceedings of IAC 2022 in Prague, 1, 52.
Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive Analysis in Education: A Guide for Researchers. NCEE 2017-4023. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
Lytovchenko, I., Ogienko, O., Sbruieva, A., & Sotska, H. (2018). Teaching English for specific purposes to adult learners at university: methods that work. Advanced Education, 10, 69–75.
Mahsar, L., & Mataram, S. T. P. (2020). Teaching English Using Content-Based Instruction (Cbi) in Improving Students’ English Speaking Skill. Hospitality.
Marcu, N. A. (2022). Content-Based Instruction-A Method of Developing Language and Social Competences. Acta Marisiensis. Philologia, 4(4), 94–100.
Martel, J. (2021). Moving Beyond the Grammatical Syllabus: Practical Strategies for Content-based Curriculum Design. Routledge.
Mazdayasna, G., & Tahririan, M. H. (2008). Developing a profile of the ESP needs of Iranian students: The case of students of nursing and midwifery. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(4), 277–289.
Miller, L. R., Klassen, K., & Hardy, J. W. (2021). Curriculum design from theory to practice: Preparing Japanese students to study abroad using content‐based language teaching. The Curriculum Journal, 32(2), 215–246.
Mohammed, D. D. A. M. A., Emran, D. A. Q. M., Ali, D. R. F. F., & Ahmed, D. S. A. A. (2023). Examining the effectiveness of a Content-Based Instruction Approach on ESP College Students’ listening skills, motivation for learning and their Attitudes: A comparative Study in Egypt, KSA & Bahrain. Journal of Research in Curriculum Instruction and Educational Technology, 9(2), 277–334.
Natsir, M., & Saragih, B. (2022). Implementation of Content-Based Instruction Approach in Teaching English for Maritime at Vocational High School Pelayaran Buana Bahari. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(3), 488–496.
Olejniczak, M. (2011). English for Information Technology: Course Book (Issue v. 1). Pearson Education. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hPGbuAAACAAJ
Omar, Y. Z. (2019). Teaching Pedagogical Grammar in Context to Enrich English Language Learners’ Academic Writing. Online Submission, 2(3), 213–225.
Rahman, M. (2015). English for Specific Purposes (ESP): A Holistic Review. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(1), 24–31.
Saengboon, S., Kosin, P., & Toomaneejinda, A. (2022). The roles of grammar in English language teaching: Local viewpoints. PASAA, 63(1), 179–204.
Sampelolo, R., Abdullah, M., Lura, H., & Karuru, P. (2023). Digital ESP (English For Specific Purposes) Material Development CLIL (Content language integrating learning) Based. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 34, 6746–6762.
Sariani, S., Yaningsih, Y., & Rozi, F. (2022). Implementing Content-Based Instruction (CBI) on EFL student’s writing through technology-enhanced language teaching. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(1).
Shirav, A. (2023). Using CBI in ESP: The role of explicit instruction. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 5(3), 71–91.
Snow, M. A. (2022). Content-Based Instruction: Innovations and Challenges. In Handbook of Practical Second Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 148–160). Routledge.
Toma, D., & Rassul, T. (2023). Exploring EFL Students’ Perspectives on the Implementation of Content-Based Instruction for Improving English Language Skills in Entrepreneurship Education Module. Zanco Journal of Human Sciences, 27(4), 231–240.
Tran, Q. T., & Duong, M. T. (2018). The difficulties in ESP reading comprehension encountered by English–majored students. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 34(2).
Vold, E. T. (2020). Meaningful and contextualised grammar instruction: what can foreign language textbooks offer? Language Learning Journal, 48(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2017.1357745