Main Article Content
Abstract
The fact that the world is now borderless has increased the demand for English in society. This demand does not only apply to adults but in the Merdeka Curriculum, early childhood, elementary school students and inclusive students or students with SEN (Special Education Needs) are now also required to be able to speak English. Many researchers have discussed the various difficulties in learning English faced by adults or children, but few have discussed the difficulties experienced by SEN students, even though they have the same demands and rights as everyone else to learn English. This study aims to provide an overview regarding the challenges experienced by SEN students in learning English. Qualitative method was done by direct interviews with inclusive students and English teachers at SD N Balirejo which is one of the inclusive schools in Yogyakarta. This study proves that the use of vocabulary, pronunciation and speaking in English are some of the difficulties experienced by SEN students. In addition, students with SEN face difficulties in social interaction that makes English learning process more challenging. Therefore, an appropriate environment, methods and strategies as well as the role of teachers are needed to support English learning for inclusive students.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Patria Handung Jaya, Ade Berliana Putri, Azza Naila Suriya

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References
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- Jaya, P. H., & Berliana, A. (2025). Teachers’ strategies in teaching English for inclusive students: A case study in Balirejo public elementary school. Journal of Inclusive Education, 8(2), 88–94.
- Khasanah, R. U., & Jaya, P. H. (2023). The difficulties of elementary teacher education students’ speaking performance: A comprehensive analysis. Jurnal JPSD, 10(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.26555/jpsd.v10i1.a27274
- Kusmaryani, W. (2023). Research methods in English language teaching. UMY Press.
- Lunin, M., & Minaeva, L. (2015). Translated subtitles language learning method: A new practical approach to teaching English. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199,
- –275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.516
- Magyar, A., Krausz, A., & Hab, A. (2020). Exploring Hungarian teachers’ perceptions of
- inclusive education of SEN students. Heliyon, 6, e03851.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03851
- Marcelo, W., Arellano, B., Natalia, J., Parra, G., Villavicencio, M., Felishia, J., & Ochoa, Q. (2024). A study on academic dishonesty among English as a foreign language students. Heliyon, 10(13), e33876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33876
- Marcos, J., Cruz, M., Ferrera, R. E., & Bedoya, M. (2024). Content and language integrated learning (CLIL): Experiences and challenges of English preparatory school graduates in a Cambodian international university. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101165
- Maryani, I., Irsalinda, N., Handung, P., & Hanifa, H. (2024). Teachers’ professional competence profile dataset during implementation of Merdeka curriculum. Data in Education, 7(1), 51–59.
- Maryani, I., Irsalinda, N., Jaya, P. H., & Sukma, H. H. (2025). Understanding student engagement: The moderation effect of professional teachers’ competence. EDULEARN Journal, 19(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21455
- Mattsson, A. F., & Norrby, C. (2013). Language acquisition and use in multilingual contexts: Theory and practice. Multilingual Matters.
- Mundelsee, L., & Reschke, K. (2025). Classroom interactions: The role of students’ gender, classroom subject, and social relations. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102711
- Ong, T. W. S., Ting, S.-H., Raslie, H., Marzuki, E., Chuah, K.-M., & Jerome, C. (2022). University students’ communication and employability skills. NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture, 4(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.12928/notion.v4i2.6003
- Phyo, W. M., Nikolov, M., & Hódi, Á. (2024). Exploring the interplay of English academic reading and writing proficiency among international doctoral students. Heliyon, 10(14), e34598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34598
- Putri, Y. A. (2024). EFL students’ perceptions toward the use of electronic written feedback in academic writing classes. Journal of English Education, 10(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v10i2.35245
- Savic, V., & Prosic-Santovac, D. (2017). English language teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. Inovacije u Nastavi, 30(3), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije1702141s
- Sarancha, I. (2021). Neuroscientific Principles in Labour Adaptation of People with Musculoskeletal Disorders. 12, 206–223.
- Sun, Y., Sahakian, B. J., & Langley, C. (2023). Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure : associations with better cognitive performance , mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence.
- Shaaban, S. S. A., & Shaat, M. A. (2022). A scenario-based learning approach for enhancing student-teachers’ TEFL practices in inclusive education classes. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(4), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1304.06
- Toba, R., Noor, W. N., & Sanu, L. O. (2019). The current issues of Indonesian EFL students’ writing comparison and contrast essays. Dinamika Ilmu, 19(1), 57–73.
- Vireak, K. (2025). Students’ perceptions and effects of technology integration in English learning: A case study at National University of Battambang. Journal of English Education, 11(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v11i1.37268
- Yang, L., Pang, F., & Sin, K. F. (2024). Examining the complex connections between teacher attitudes, intentions, behaviors, and competencies of SEN students in inclusive education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 144, 104595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104595
- Stefanyka, V., & Kopchuk-Kashetska, M. (2023). Modern aspects of the activity of a teacher’s assistant. Mountain School of Ukrainian Carpathians, 29, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.15330/msuc.2023.29.90-95
References
Alabsi, A. T. (2021). EFL teachers’ perceptions towards teaching pupils with special educational needs. Majallat Kulliyat Al-Tarbiyah, Benha University, 32(128), 47–85. https://doi.org/10.21608/jfeb.2021.240227
Al-Khresheh, M. H. (2024). Bridging technology and pedagogy from a global lens: Teachers’ perspectives on integrating ChatGPT in English language teaching. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100218
Al-Korbi, H., Al-Hamdani, M. A., Ghareeb, A., Al-Asmakh, M., & Abdallah, A. M. (2024). Facilitating inclusive education: Assessing faculty awareness and attitudes towards students with special educational needs at Qatar University. Heliyon, 10(10), e31076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31076
Arlita, C., & Prasetya, W. (2024). Intertextuality practices in a multilingual setting: An Indonesian college student experience. Journal of English Education, 10(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v10i1.28239
Bland, J. (2018). Learning through literature. In S. Garton & F. Copland (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of teaching English to young learners (pp. 33–46). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315623672
Brawijaya, A., Yogyakarta, U. M., & Info, A. (2024). Exploring elementary school English teachers’ voices in gaining students’ attention in learning. Journal of English Education, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v10i1.33714
Cahyati, P., & Madya, S. (2019). Teaching English in primary schools: Benefits and challenges. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 326, 395–400. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccie-18.2019.68
Choi, T. H., & Poudel, P. P. (2024). Enactment of English medium instruction in under- resourced educational contexts: A case of multilingual public secondary schools in Nepal. System, 121, 103223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103223
Duran, E. (2020). Teaching English learners in inclusive classrooms (4th ed.). Charles C. Thomas. Effendi, T., Thurston, A., & MacKenzie, A. (2024). A systematic evidence synthesis of disability and inclusive pedagogy in initial teacher training in English as a foreign language. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7, 100350.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100350
Farahsani, Y., Rini, I. P., & Jaya, P. H. (2019). Code-mixing in dialogues as seen in Alice comic by Angellina. Humanika, 26(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v26i2.24119
Farahsani, Y., Rini, I. P., & Jaya, P. H. (2020). YouTube as a medium for Indonesian toddlers’ second language acquisition: An analysis through children’s songs. Humanika, 27(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v27i2.33793
Fiktorius, T. (2020). Early childhood bilingualism: The myths, truths, and implications in English language learning in Pontianak. NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture, 2(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.12928/notion.v2i1.969
Giangreco, M. F., & Doyle, M. B. (2007). Teacher assistant supports in inclusive schools: Research, practices, and alternatives. In L. Florian (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of special education (pp. 429–439). SAGE.
Gottlieb, N. (2005). Language and society in Japan. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614248
Hadijah, H., Pratolo, B. W., & Rondiyah, R. (2020). Interactive game “Kahoot!” as the media of students’ vocabulary assessment. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(1), 87– 105. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v10i1.1670
Hartini, L. W. (2024). The relationship between Indonesian EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge and English competence. Journal of
Hossain, K. I. (2024a). Literature-based language learning: Challenges and opportunities for English learners. Ampersand, 13, 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100201
Hossain, K. I. (2024b). Reviewing the role of culture in English language learning: Challenges and opportunities for educators. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100781
Imran, M., Almusharraf, N., Sayed Abdellatif, M., & Ghaffar, A. (2024). Teachers’ perspectives on effective English language teaching practices at the elementary level: A phenomenological study . Heliyon, 10(8), e29175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29175
Jaya, H., Salsabila, A. P., Ismail, D. R., & Intan, L. (2025). Students’ challenges in speaking English: A case study at IPIREL of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Journal of English Education, 12(1), 47–57.
Jaya, P. H., & Berliana, A. (2025). Teachers’ strategies in teaching English for inclusive students: A case study in Balirejo public elementary school. Journal of Inclusive Education, 8(2), 88–94.
Khasanah, R. U., & Jaya, P. H. (2023). The difficulties of elementary teacher education students’ speaking performance: A comprehensive analysis. Jurnal JPSD, 10(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.26555/jpsd.v10i1.a27274
Kusmaryani, W. (2023). Research methods in English language teaching. UMY Press.
Lunin, M., & Minaeva, L. (2015). Translated subtitles language learning method: A new practical approach to teaching English. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199,
–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.516
Magyar, A., Krausz, A., & Hab, A. (2020). Exploring Hungarian teachers’ perceptions of
inclusive education of SEN students. Heliyon, 6, e03851.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03851
Marcelo, W., Arellano, B., Natalia, J., Parra, G., Villavicencio, M., Felishia, J., & Ochoa, Q. (2024). A study on academic dishonesty among English as a foreign language students. Heliyon, 10(13), e33876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33876
Marcos, J., Cruz, M., Ferrera, R. E., & Bedoya, M. (2024). Content and language integrated learning (CLIL): Experiences and challenges of English preparatory school graduates in a Cambodian international university. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101165
Maryani, I., Irsalinda, N., Handung, P., & Hanifa, H. (2024). Teachers’ professional competence profile dataset during implementation of Merdeka curriculum. Data in Education, 7(1), 51–59.
Maryani, I., Irsalinda, N., Jaya, P. H., & Sukma, H. H. (2025). Understanding student engagement: The moderation effect of professional teachers’ competence. EDULEARN Journal, 19(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21455
Mattsson, A. F., & Norrby, C. (2013). Language acquisition and use in multilingual contexts: Theory and practice. Multilingual Matters.
Mundelsee, L., & Reschke, K. (2025). Classroom interactions: The role of students’ gender, classroom subject, and social relations. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102711
Ong, T. W. S., Ting, S.-H., Raslie, H., Marzuki, E., Chuah, K.-M., & Jerome, C. (2022). University students’ communication and employability skills. NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture, 4(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.12928/notion.v4i2.6003
Phyo, W. M., Nikolov, M., & Hódi, Á. (2024). Exploring the interplay of English academic reading and writing proficiency among international doctoral students. Heliyon, 10(14), e34598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34598
Putri, Y. A. (2024). EFL students’ perceptions toward the use of electronic written feedback in academic writing classes. Journal of English Education, 10(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v10i2.35245
Savic, V., & Prosic-Santovac, D. (2017). English language teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. Inovacije u Nastavi, 30(3), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije1702141s
Sarancha, I. (2021). Neuroscientific Principles in Labour Adaptation of People with Musculoskeletal Disorders. 12, 206–223.
Sun, Y., Sahakian, B. J., & Langley, C. (2023). Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure : associations with better cognitive performance , mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence.
Shaaban, S. S. A., & Shaat, M. A. (2022). A scenario-based learning approach for enhancing student-teachers’ TEFL practices in inclusive education classes. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(4), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1304.06
Toba, R., Noor, W. N., & Sanu, L. O. (2019). The current issues of Indonesian EFL students’ writing comparison and contrast essays. Dinamika Ilmu, 19(1), 57–73.
Vireak, K. (2025). Students’ perceptions and effects of technology integration in English learning: A case study at National University of Battambang. Journal of English Education, 11(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.20885/jee.v11i1.37268
Yang, L., Pang, F., & Sin, K. F. (2024). Examining the complex connections between teacher attitudes, intentions, behaviors, and competencies of SEN students in inclusive education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 144, 104595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104595
Stefanyka, V., & Kopchuk-Kashetska, M. (2023). Modern aspects of the activity of a teacher’s assistant. Mountain School of Ukrainian Carpathians, 29, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.15330/msuc.2023.29.90-95
