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Abstract
This study explores how pre-service English teachers develop readiness to integrate 21st-century competencies and sustainability principles into English as a Foreign Language syllabus design. Grounded in experiential learning theory and the framework of global competence, the study aims to examine the level of readiness, the relationship between familiarity and confidence, and the factors shaping the transition from conceptual understanding to pedagogical practice. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, combining quantitative data from a structured questionnaire with qualitative insights from reflective narratives. The findings reveal that participants demonstrate strong conceptual understanding but uneven confidence and limited practical application. The results indicate that familiarity with key concepts does not necessarily lead to effective implementation without reflective experience and contextual support. The study concludes that teacher readiness is a dynamic process shaped by the interaction between knowledge, belief, and practice rather than a fixed competency. These findings imply the importance of integrating mentorship, reflective inquiry, and contextualized learning experiences into teacher education programs to support the meaningful application of global and sustainability-oriented competencies in language teaching.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sucipto Sucipto, Muh Saeful Effendi , Arum Priadi, Olivi Sabilla Sadani

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References
- Ainsworth, L. (2011). Rigorous curriculum design: How to create curricular units of study that align standards, instruction, and assessment. Lead+Learn Press.
- Aisyiyah, M. N. (2022). Pre-Service English Teachers’ Readiness for Technology-Enhanced Language Learning. ELT Echo : The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context, 7(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v7i2.12509
- Azizah, N. L., Ali Mustofa, & Pratiwi Retnaningdyah. (2025). Sustainable Development in English Language Teaching: Prevailing Trends, Challenges, and Outcomes. Education and Human Development Journal, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v10i1.6763
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- Brianza, E., Schmid, M., Tondeur, J., & Petko, D. (2024). The digital silver lining of the pandemic: The impact on preservice teachers’ technological knowledge and beliefs. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 1591–1616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11801-w
- Daflizar, Indrayadi, T., & Irawan, Y. (2022). Unveiling Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceived Competencies and Readiness for Online English Language Teaching: A Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(2), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1302.21
- Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
- Djam’an, N. (2025). Examining the implementation of environmental education in the STEAM approach for sustainability. Discover Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00837-4
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- Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT Press.
- Marwa, M., Muliardi, M., Awal, R., & Irawan, H. (2025). Integrating intercultural digital literacy in EFL classrooms: Strategies for enhancing students’ intercultural competence in the digital era. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1), 1668–1683. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i1.6920
- Mulyasa, E. (2021). Implementasi kurikulum 2013 revisi: Dalam era industri 4.0. Bumi Aksara.
- Mustaqimah, F. Al, Putro, N. H. P. S., Alfiah, & Arwan. (2025). Professional learning through kampus mengajar : Challenges and opportunities. Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 4(4), 661–674. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v4i4.176
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- Padmadewi, N. N., Artini, L. P., & Utami, L. P. R. A. (2020). Teacher readiness in promoting 21st century skills in teaching English as a foreign language at primary schools. SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 10(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v10i3.1976
- Park, M., & Son, J.-B. (2020). Pre-service EFL teachers’ readiness in computer- assisted language learning and teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1815649
- Purnomo, Y. W., Pramudiani, P., Aziz, T. A., Kaur, A., Ismail, S. N., & Nuriadin, I. (2020). Indonesian teachers beliefs on the gap between educational research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 45(12), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.202v45n12.2
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- Rieckmann, M., Mindt, L., & Gardiner, S. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO.
- Siddiq, F., Hatlevik, O. E., Olsen, R. V., Throndsen, I., & Scherer, R. (2016). Taking a future perspective by learning from the past – A systematic review of assessment instruments that aim to measure primary and secondary school students’ ICT literacy. Educational Research Review, 19, 58–84.
- Sulaiman, M. A. B. A., Khallaf, N. M., & Abugohar, M. A. (2025). Integrating UN SDGs in ELT: How far tertiary EFL Teachers in Oman are successful. World Journal of English Language, 15(8), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n8p319
- Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21 st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
- Yu, B., Guo, W. Y., & Fu, H. (2024). Sustainability in English language teaching: Strategies for empowering students to achieve the sustainable development goals. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083325
- Zaragoza, A., Seidel, T., & Santagata, R. (2023). Lesson analysis and plan template: Scaffolding preservice teachers’ application of professional knowledge to lesson planning. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 55(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2182650
References
Ainsworth, L. (2011). Rigorous curriculum design: How to create curricular units of study that align standards, instruction, and assessment. Lead+Learn Press.
Aisyiyah, M. N. (2022). Pre-Service English Teachers’ Readiness for Technology-Enhanced Language Learning. ELT Echo : The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context, 7(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v7i2.12509
Azizah, N. L., Ali Mustofa, & Pratiwi Retnaningdyah. (2025). Sustainable Development in English Language Teaching: Prevailing Trends, Challenges, and Outcomes. Education and Human Development Journal, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v10i1.6763
Bourn, D. (2020). Bloomsbury handbook of global education and learning. Bloomsburry. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350108769
Brianza, E., Schmid, M., Tondeur, J., & Petko, D. (2024). The digital silver lining of the pandemic: The impact on preservice teachers’ technological knowledge and beliefs. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 1591–1616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11801-w
Daflizar, Indrayadi, T., & Irawan, Y. (2022). Unveiling Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceived Competencies and Readiness for Online English Language Teaching: A Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(2), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1302.21
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
Djam’an, N. (2025). Examining the implementation of environmental education in the STEAM approach for sustainability. Discover Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00837-4
Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs - Principles and practices. Health Services Research, 48(6 PART2), 2134–2156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12117
Griffin, P., McGaw, B., & Care, E. (2012). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT Press.
Marwa, M., Muliardi, M., Awal, R., & Irawan, H. (2025). Integrating intercultural digital literacy in EFL classrooms: Strategies for enhancing students’ intercultural competence in the digital era. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1), 1668–1683. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i1.6920
Mulyasa, E. (2021). Implementasi kurikulum 2013 revisi: Dalam era industri 4.0. Bumi Aksara.
Mustaqimah, F. Al, Putro, N. H. P. S., Alfiah, & Arwan. (2025). Professional learning through kampus mengajar : Challenges and opportunities. Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 4(4), 661–674. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v4i4.176
OECD. (2020). Education at a glance 2020: OECD indicators. OECD publishing.
Padmadewi, N. N., Artini, L. P., & Utami, L. P. R. A. (2020). Teacher readiness in promoting 21st century skills in teaching English as a foreign language at primary schools. SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 10(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v10i3.1976
Park, M., & Son, J.-B. (2020). Pre-service EFL teachers’ readiness in computer- assisted language learning and teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1815649
Purnomo, Y. W., Pramudiani, P., Aziz, T. A., Kaur, A., Ismail, S. N., & Nuriadin, I. (2020). Indonesian teachers beliefs on the gap between educational research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 45(12), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.202v45n12.2
Rahmayanti, P., Padmadewi, N. N., & Artini, L. P. (2020). Teachers’ readiness in inserting the 21St century skills for teaching English at primary schools. International Journal of Language and Literature, 4(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v4i2.30294
Richards, J. C. (2021). Curriculum development in language teaching. Cambridge university press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024556
Rieckmann, M., Mindt, L., & Gardiner, S. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO.
Siddiq, F., Hatlevik, O. E., Olsen, R. V., Throndsen, I., & Scherer, R. (2016). Taking a future perspective by learning from the past – A systematic review of assessment instruments that aim to measure primary and secondary school students’ ICT literacy. Educational Research Review, 19, 58–84.
Sulaiman, M. A. B. A., Khallaf, N. M., & Abugohar, M. A. (2025). Integrating UN SDGs in ELT: How far tertiary EFL Teachers in Oman are successful. World Journal of English Language, 15(8), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n8p319
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21 st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
Yu, B., Guo, W. Y., & Fu, H. (2024). Sustainability in English language teaching: Strategies for empowering students to achieve the sustainable development goals. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083325
Zaragoza, A., Seidel, T., & Santagata, R. (2023). Lesson analysis and plan template: Scaffolding preservice teachers’ application of professional knowledge to lesson planning. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 55(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2182650
