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Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of empathy training to reduce bullying behavior on the offender bullying in primary school. Subjects in this study were 10-11 years old who have low and medium empathy scores nor high and medium bullying behavior. There were eight students who become participants in this study. The data were collected by using interview, observation, peer relations questionaires, bullying scales, and empathy scales. This study was using one group pretest-posttest design. The data were analyzed by using quantitative analysis of two related sample test by Wilcoxon. The results showed that empathy scores (Z=-2.52, p=0.012 (p<0.05)) and bullying scores (Z=-2.207, p=0.027 (p<0.05)) underwent a significant change pretest-posttest. Meanwhile, empathy scores Z=-1.452, p=0.146 (p>0.05)) and bullying scores (Z=-1.897, p=0.058 (p>0.05)) had no significant changes posttest- follow up. Furthermore, empathy scores (Z=-2.530, p=0.011 (p<0.05)) and bullying scores (Z=-2.533, p=0.011 (p<0.05)) underwent a significant change pretest- follow-up.
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References
- Baron, R. A., & Byrne, D. (2005). Psikologi Sosial (Jilid 2 Edisi Kesepuluh Alih Bahasa Ratna Djuwita). Jakarta: Erlangga.
- Center for the Study and Prevention of School Violence (2008). Safe Schools-Safe Communities: Fact Sheet. Institute of Behavioral Science. Boulder: University of Colorado.
- Creemers, B. P. M., & Reezight, G. J. (1999). The role of school and classroom climate in elementary school learning environments. Philadelphia: Falmer Press.
- Daruma, H. A, R. (2003). Empati dan Pribadi yang Unggul. Jurnal Intelektual, 1 (1), 103-114.
- Efianingrum, A. 2009. Pengembangan Model Pelatihan Respect bagi Guru untuk Mencegah Kekerasan di Sekolah Dasar. Lemlit UNY: Laporan Penelitian.
- Eisenberg, N & Mussen, P.H. (1989). The Roots of Prosocial Behavior Children. New York. Cambridge University Press.
- Eisenberg, N & Strayer, N. (1987) Empathy and Its Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Eisenberg, N., et al. (2002). Prosocial Development in Early Adulthood: Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6).993-1005.
- Eisenberg. N., & Morris, A. S. (2001). The Origins and social significance of empathy-related responding. A review of empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice by M.L. Hoffman. Social Justice Research, 14,95-120.doi:0885-7466/01/0300-0095/0
- Elliot, M (ed). (2008). Bullying A Practical Guide to Coping for Schools, 3rdEdition. London: Pearson education in Association with Kidscape.
- Garton, A.F., & Gringart, E. (2005). The Development of a Scale to Measure Empathy in 8-and 9-year old Children. Australian . 5. 17-25.
- Hunter, K. R. (2003). Affective empathy in children: measurement and correlates. (Disertasi Doktor, School of applied psychology, GriffithUniversity). Diakses dari http://www.ads.lib.ugm. ac.id
- Kyriakides, L., Kaloyirou, C., Lindsay, G. (2006). An Analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Using the Rasch Measurement Model. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 76, 781-801.
- Mawarni, R., Hardjono., Andayani, T. R., (2011). Hubungan Antara Mencari Sensasi dan Empati dengan School Bullyingpada Remaja Putra kelas X dan XI di Madrasah Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Naskah Publikasi. Program Studi Psikologi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Univeristas Sebelas Maret.
- Sari, H. N. (2015). Pelatihan Meningkatkan Empati Melalui Psikoedukasi kepada Pelaku Bullyingsebagai Upaya untuk Mengurangi Bullyingdi Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Tesis. (Tidak Diterbitkan). Magistes Psikologi Profesi. Fakultas Psikologi. Univeristas Padjadjaran.
- Smith, P. K., Pepler, D., & Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in School: How successfull caninterventions be?, di unduh 27 Januari 2012, dari www.cambridge.org
- Sunanto, J., Takeuchi, K., & Nakata, H. (2005). Pengantar penelitian dengan subjek tungal. University of Tsukuba: Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development (CEIGED).
References
Baron, R. A., & Byrne, D. (2005). Psikologi Sosial (Jilid 2 Edisi Kesepuluh Alih Bahasa Ratna Djuwita). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Center for the Study and Prevention of School Violence (2008). Safe Schools-Safe Communities: Fact Sheet. Institute of Behavioral Science. Boulder: University of Colorado.
Creemers, B. P. M., & Reezight, G. J. (1999). The role of school and classroom climate in elementary school learning environments. Philadelphia: Falmer Press.
Daruma, H. A, R. (2003). Empati dan Pribadi yang Unggul. Jurnal Intelektual, 1 (1), 103-114.
Efianingrum, A. 2009. Pengembangan Model Pelatihan Respect bagi Guru untuk Mencegah Kekerasan di Sekolah Dasar. Lemlit UNY: Laporan Penelitian.
Eisenberg, N & Mussen, P.H. (1989). The Roots of Prosocial Behavior Children. New York. Cambridge University Press.
Eisenberg, N & Strayer, N. (1987) Empathy and Its Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eisenberg, N., et al. (2002). Prosocial Development in Early Adulthood: Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6).993-1005.
Eisenberg. N., & Morris, A. S. (2001). The Origins and social significance of empathy-related responding. A review of empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice by M.L. Hoffman. Social Justice Research, 14,95-120.doi:0885-7466/01/0300-0095/0
Elliot, M (ed). (2008). Bullying A Practical Guide to Coping for Schools, 3rdEdition. London: Pearson education in Association with Kidscape.
Garton, A.F., & Gringart, E. (2005). The Development of a Scale to Measure Empathy in 8-and 9-year old Children. Australian . 5. 17-25.
Hunter, K. R. (2003). Affective empathy in children: measurement and correlates. (Disertasi Doktor, School of applied psychology, GriffithUniversity). Diakses dari http://www.ads.lib.ugm. ac.id
Kyriakides, L., Kaloyirou, C., Lindsay, G. (2006). An Analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Using the Rasch Measurement Model. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 76, 781-801.
Mawarni, R., Hardjono., Andayani, T. R., (2011). Hubungan Antara Mencari Sensasi dan Empati dengan School Bullyingpada Remaja Putra kelas X dan XI di Madrasah Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Naskah Publikasi. Program Studi Psikologi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Univeristas Sebelas Maret.
Sari, H. N. (2015). Pelatihan Meningkatkan Empati Melalui Psikoedukasi kepada Pelaku Bullyingsebagai Upaya untuk Mengurangi Bullyingdi Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Tesis. (Tidak Diterbitkan). Magistes Psikologi Profesi. Fakultas Psikologi. Univeristas Padjadjaran.
Smith, P. K., Pepler, D., & Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in School: How successfull caninterventions be?, di unduh 27 Januari 2012, dari www.cambridge.org
Sunanto, J., Takeuchi, K., & Nakata, H. (2005). Pengantar penelitian dengan subjek tungal. University of Tsukuba: Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development (CEIGED).