Perbandingan Administrasi Peradilan Dalam Keadaan Darurat (Judicial Emergency) Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Di Amerika Serikat Dan Di Indonesia

Ibnu Sina Chandranegara

doi:10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss1.art3

Submitted

April 8, 2020

Accepted

January 26, 2021

Published

March 16, 2021

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Abstract

The determination of a state of emergency clearly affects not only the executive and legislative branches of power but also the judicial power. The establishment of a state of emergency for the Covid-19 Pandemic in various countries has a direct or indirect effect on judicial powers in carrying out their duties and functions. This article is intended to compare the application of judicial emergency in the United States and how it reflects on judicial power in Indonesia. This study uses the comparative constitutional law method, which is to compare the material of constitutional law and practice in other countries to take the best materials and practices and provide suggestions that should be avoided in positive constitutional law. This article concludes that there is a need for strict legal material in the law of judicial powers and the procedural law in Indonesia so that it does not delegate too much technical authority in dealing with emergencies in the judiciary.

Keywords

Judicial administration procedural law state of emergency

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How to Cite

Chandranegara, I. S. (2021). Perbandingan Administrasi Peradilan Dalam Keadaan Darurat (Judicial Emergency) Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Di Amerika Serikat Dan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 28(1), 45–70. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss1.art3

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References

Buku
Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, Kemerdekaan Kekuasaan Kehakiman Pasca Transisi Politik, Radjawali Press, Jakarta, 2019.
Redi, Ahmad dan Chandranegara (Editor), Ibnu Sina, Segi Hukum Implikasi Covid-19, Prenada Kencana, Jakarta, 2020.
Hunter, Nan D., The Law of Emergencies Public Health and Disaster Management, Elsevier and Butterworth, New York, 2017.
Reiling, Dory, Technology for Justice How Information Technology can support Judicial Reform, Leiden University Press Law, Leiden, 2009.
Susskind, Richard, Tomorrow’s Lawyers: An Introduction To Your Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
Jurnal
Arde-Acquah, Phoebe E., “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto: Balancing Civil Liberties and Public Health Interventions in Modern Vaccination Policy,” Washington University Journal Review, Vol 7, No. 337, 2015.
Bader, William D dan Williams, Frank J., “David Davis: Lawyer, Judge, and Politician in the Age of Lincoln”, Roger Williams University Law Review Vol. 14, No 2, 2009.
Chandra, Siddharth, “Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 in Indonesia,” Population Studies, Vol. 67, No. 2, 2013.
Fabbrini, Federico, "The Role Of The Judiciary In Times Of Emergency: Judicial Review Of Counter-Terrorism Measures In The United States Supreme Court And The European Court Of Justice." Yearbook of European Law, Vol 28, No. 1, 2009.
Hug, Walther. "The History of Comparative Law." Harvard Law Review, vol 45, no. 6, 1932.
Negretto, Gabriel L., “Government Capacities and Policy Making by Decree in Latin America: The Cases of Brazil and Argentina”, Comparative Political Studies, Vol.37 No.5, June 2004.
Payne, J. Mark, Zovatto, Daniel, dan Díaz, Mercedes Mateo, Democracies in Development: Politics and Reform in Latin America, Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 2007.
Pimentel, David, “Reframing the Independence v. Accountability Debate: Defining Judicial Structure in Light of Judges' Courage and Integrity,” Cleveland State Law Review Vol 51, No 1, 2015.
Rheinstein. Max, "Comparative Law - Its Functions, Methods and Usages," Arkansas Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1968.
Sheeran, Scott P., “Reconceptualizing States of Emergency under International Human Rights Law: Theory, Legal Doctrine, and Politics”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 34, 491, 2013.
Makalah
Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, Diantara yang terbaik dan buruk dalam Merespon Covid-19 di Asia Tenggara, Makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional (via Zoom) “PSBB: Tanya Apa? Yang diselenggarakan Universitas Negeri Surabaya, tanggal 4 Mei 2020.
Fox, Natalie, Firlus, Jakub dan Mikuli, Piotr, Models of Courts Administration: An Attempt at a Comparative Review, Riset Project No. 2016/21/B/HS5/00445 yang dibiayai oleh National Science Centre (Polandia), 2017. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12610.58562
Majalah
Faiz, Pan Mohamad, “MK dan E-Court Di Era Disruptif”, Majalah Konstitusi No. 134, April 2018
Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Judicial Emergency Act 2004
Zivilprozeßordung, 2013
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No 1 Tahun 2019 tentang Administrasi Perkara di Pengadilan secara Elektronik.
Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengajuan Permohonan Elektronik (Electronic Filing) dan Pemeriksaan Persidangan Jarak Jauh (Video Conference)
Surat Keputusan Kepala BNPB Nomor 9.A. tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Status Keadaan Tertentu Darurat Bencana Wabah Penyakit akibat Virus Corona di Indonesia
Surat Keputusan Kepala BNPB Nomor 13.A tahun 2020 tentang Perpanjangan Status Keadaan Tertentu Darurat Bencana Wabah Penyakit akibat Virus Corona di Indonesia
Surat Edaran Sekretaris Mahkamah Agung (SE SEKMA) No. 1 Tahun 2020 berupa upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan Mahkamah Agung dan badan peradilan di bawahnya
Sumber Digital
http://courts.state.va.us/news/items/2020_0327_scv_order_extending_declaration_of_judicial_ emergency.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://nmijudiciary.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Covid-Order-No2-1.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://tncourts.gov/sites/default/files/docs/order_-_2020-03-25t120936.486.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.alacourt.gov/docs/Administrative%20Order%20No.%205.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.azcourts.gov/Portals/22/admorder/Orders20/2020-48.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.courts.state.wy.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/COVID-19-Order.Extend.temp_.plan _.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/publicUpload/Supreme%20Court%20Orders/Supreme%20 Court%20 Emergency%20Order%20re%20CV19%20031820.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.courtswv.gov/covid19/JudicialEmergencyDeclaredAmendedOrder4-3-20.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.mncourts.gov/mncourtsgov/media/CIOMediaLibrary/Administrative-Order-Continuing-the-Operations-of-the-Courts.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.oscn.net/images/news/SCAD-2020-24.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.pacourts.us/assets/files/page-1305/file-8910.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/coronavirus/default.asp, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=120328, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://courts.illinois.gov/SupremeCourt/Announce/2020/040320.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://courts.michigan.gov/Courts/MichiganSupremeCourt/rules/court-rules-admin-matters/Administrative%20Orders/2020-08_2020-03-15_FormattedOrder_AO2020-1.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://courts.ms.gov/appellatecourts/docket/sendPDF.php?f=700_490703.pdf&c=91465&a=N&s=2, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://courts.mt.gov/Portals/189/docs/COVID-19%203-17.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020
https://isc.idaho.gov/EO/ISC-Emergency-Order-Ammended.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

References

Buku

Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, Kemerdekaan Kekuasaan Kehakiman Pasca Transisi Politik, Radjawali Press, Jakarta, 2019.

Redi, Ahmad dan Chandranegara (Editor), Ibnu Sina, Segi Hukum Implikasi Covid-19, Prenada Kencana, Jakarta, 2020.

Hunter, Nan D., The Law of Emergencies Public Health and Disaster Management, Elsevier and Butterworth, New York, 2017.

Reiling, Dory, Technology for Justice How Information Technology can support Judicial Reform, Leiden University Press Law, Leiden, 2009.

Susskind, Richard, Tomorrow’s Lawyers: An Introduction To Your Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.

Jurnal

Arde-Acquah, Phoebe E., “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto: Balancing Civil Liberties and Public Health Interventions in Modern Vaccination Policy,” Washington University Journal Review, Vol 7, No. 337, 2015.

Bader, William D dan Williams, Frank J., “David Davis: Lawyer, Judge, and Politician in the Age of Lincoln”, Roger Williams University Law Review Vol. 14, No 2, 2009.

Chandra, Siddharth, “Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 in Indonesia,” Population Studies, Vol. 67, No. 2, 2013.

Fabbrini, Federico, "The Role Of The Judiciary In Times Of Emergency: Judicial Review Of Counter-Terrorism Measures In The United States Supreme Court And The European Court Of Justice." Yearbook of European Law, Vol 28, No. 1, 2009.

Hug, Walther. "The History of Comparative Law." Harvard Law Review, vol 45, no. 6, 1932.

Negretto, Gabriel L., “Government Capacities and Policy Making by Decree in Latin America: The Cases of Brazil and Argentina”, Comparative Political Studies, Vol.37 No.5, June 2004.

Payne, J. Mark, Zovatto, Daniel, dan Díaz, Mercedes Mateo, Democracies in Development: Politics and Reform in Latin America, Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 2007.

Pimentel, David, “Reframing the Independence v. Accountability Debate: Defining Judicial Structure in Light of Judges' Courage and Integrity,” Cleveland State Law Review Vol 51, No 1, 2015.

Rheinstein. Max, "Comparative Law - Its Functions, Methods and Usages," Arkansas Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1968.

Sheeran, Scott P., “Reconceptualizing States of Emergency under International Human Rights Law: Theory, Legal Doctrine, and Politics”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 34, 491, 2013.

Makalah

Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, Diantara yang terbaik dan buruk dalam Merespon Covid-19 di Asia Tenggara, Makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional (via Zoom) “PSBB: Tanya Apa? Yang diselenggarakan Universitas Negeri Surabaya, tanggal 4 Mei 2020.

Fox, Natalie, Firlus, Jakub dan Mikuli, Piotr, Models of Courts Administration: An Attempt at a Comparative Review, Riset Project No. 2016/21/B/HS5/00445 yang dibiayai oleh National Science Centre (Polandia), 2017. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12610.58562

Majalah

Faiz, Pan Mohamad, “MK dan E-Court Di Era Disruptif”, Majalah Konstitusi No. 134, April 2018

Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Judicial Emergency Act 2004

Zivilprozeßordung, 2013

Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No 1 Tahun 2019 tentang Administrasi Perkara di Pengadilan secara Elektronik.

Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengajuan Permohonan Elektronik (Electronic Filing) dan Pemeriksaan Persidangan Jarak Jauh (Video Conference)

Surat Keputusan Kepala BNPB Nomor 9.A. tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Status Keadaan Tertentu Darurat Bencana Wabah Penyakit akibat Virus Corona di Indonesia

Surat Keputusan Kepala BNPB Nomor 13.A tahun 2020 tentang Perpanjangan Status Keadaan Tertentu Darurat Bencana Wabah Penyakit akibat Virus Corona di Indonesia

Surat Edaran Sekretaris Mahkamah Agung (SE SEKMA) No. 1 Tahun 2020 berupa upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan Mahkamah Agung dan badan peradilan di bawahnya

Sumber Digital

http://courts.state.va.us/news/items/2020_0327_scv_order_extending_declaration_of_judicial_ emergency.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://nmijudiciary.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Covid-Order-No2-1.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://tncourts.gov/sites/default/files/docs/order_-_2020-03-25t120936.486.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.alacourt.gov/docs/Administrative%20Order%20No.%205.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.azcourts.gov/Portals/22/admorder/Orders20/2020-48.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.courts.state.wy.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/COVID-19-Order.Extend.temp_.plan _.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/publicUpload/Supreme%20Court%20Orders/Supreme%20 Court%20 Emergency%20Order%20re%20CV19%20031820.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.courtswv.gov/covid19/JudicialEmergencyDeclaredAmendedOrder4-3-20.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.mncourts.gov/mncourtsgov/media/CIOMediaLibrary/Administrative-Order-Continuing-the-Operations-of-the-Courts.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.oscn.net/images/news/SCAD-2020-24.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020

http://www.pacourts.us/assets/files/page-1305/file-8910.pdf, diakses pada tanggal 5 April 2020