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Abstract
Social welfare is a crucial element of a nation, which involves various aspects of life such as health, education, economy, environment, social, and politics that are included in the concept of welfare state. The implementation of Article 34 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in practice displays various obstacles faced by the government in actualising social welfare. This study indicates the significance of the welfare state as a critical review and evaluation and an effective scheme, so that it is used as an antidote by focusing on the constitutional mandate which is the basis for this research. This research uses a normative legal research study method with a conceptual approach and a regulatory approach. The results of this study highlight the significance of the welfare state in creating welfare according to the constitutional mandate that has been stated. Focusing on the concept of the welfare state, examining the active role of the state in ensuring a fair distribution of social welfare, and protecting human rights through social security. This reflects the commitment of the Indonesian government to fulfill the fundamental rights of its citizens, especially those who are still less fortunate. These actions reflect the dedication of the state to addressing social and economic disparities through various redistribution measures. The constitutional mandate emphasizes the central role of the welfare state in the layout of the national development of Indonesia. This comprehensive analysis is expected to provide significant contributions in improving the implementation of social welfare policies and achieving the constitutional goal of optimally caring for the less fortunates and neglected children.
Keywords: Justice, Welfare, Welfare State.
Abstrak
Kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah aspek penting dalam suatu negara, melibatkan berbagai aspek kehidupan seperti kesehatan, pendidikan, ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, dan politik yang tercakup dalam konsep welfare state. Implementasi Pasal 34 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pada praktiknya, menunjukkan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi pemerintah dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kajian ini memperlihatkan kebermaknaan welfare state sebagai tinjauan dan evaluasi kritis serta skema efektif, sehingga dijadikan sebagai penawar dengan berfokus sesuai amanat konstitusi yang menjadi landasan pada penelitian ini. Riset ini mempergunakan metode kajian penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti kebermaknaan welfare state dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan sesuai amanat konstitusi yang telah dicantumkan. Fokus pada konsep welfare state, mengkaji peran aktif negara dalam memastikan distribusi kesejahteraan sosial yang adil, serta melindungi hak asasi manusia melalui jaminan sosial. Hal ini mencerminkan komitmen pemerintah Indonesia untuk memenuhi hak-hak dasar warganya, khususnya mereka yang masih kurang beruntung. Tindakan tersebut mencerminkan dedikasi negara dalam menangani disparitas sosial dan ekonomi melalui langkah-langkah redistribusi yang beragam. Amanat konstitusi tersebut menegaskan peran sentral welfare state dalam pembangunan nasional Indonesia. Analisis komprehensif ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam memperbaiki implementasi kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial dan mencapai tujuan konstitusional untuk memelihara fakir miskin dan anak terlantar secara optimal.
Kata Kunci: Keadilan, Kesejahteraan, Negara Kesejahteraan.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2024 Afgha Okza Eriranda, Fajar Rahmad.S, Eny Kusdarini
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References
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Al Azhar, Baginda Zulfitri. “Pemenuhan Hak Konstitusional Fakir Miskin Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2011 di Kota Manado 1.” Lex Privatum 11, no. 1 (2011): 1–12.
Andersen, Ditte. “Stuck! Welfare State Dependency as Lived Experience.” European Societies 22, no. 3 (2020): 317–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2019.1616796.
Andersen, Niels Åkerstrøm, and Paul Stenner. “How the Welfare State Tries to Protect Itself Against the Law: Luhmann and New Forms of Social Immune Mechanism.” Law and Critique, 2023, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-023-09346-5.
Aslina, Neri. “Analisis Pengamen dan Anak Jalanan di Bawah Umur Perspektif Teori Sosiologi Hukum dan Pasal 34 Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945.” STAI Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 16, no. 2 (2021): 12–36.
Benish, Avishai, and David Levi-Faur. “The Reassertion of the Regulatory Welfare State: A Preface.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 691, no. 1 (2020): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220949216.
Bisariyadi. “Pergulatan Paham Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) dan Negara Regulasi (Regulatory State) dalam Perkara Konstitusional.” JH Ius Quia Iustum 23, no. 4 (2016): 531–51.
Cappelen, Cornelius, and Yvette Peters. “Diversity and Welfare State Legitimacy in Europe. The Challenge of Intra-EU Migration.” Journal of European Public Policy 25, no. 9 (2018): 1336–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1314534.
Chen, Zefanya Angellin, Vanessa, and Felicia Amanda Sulistio. “Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Negara terhadap UUD 1945 Pasal 34.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 7, no. 1 (2023): 154–61. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/pkn/article/view/4718.
Effendi, Winda Roselina. “Konsep Wellfare State di Indoneisa.” Jurnal Trias Politika 1, no. 1 (2017): 171–83. https://doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v1i1.722.
Elviandri, Khuzdaifah Dimyati, and Absori. “Quo Vadis Negara Kesejahteraan: Meneguhkan Ideologi Welfare State Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum 31, no. 2 (2019): 252–66.
Fauzi, Muhamad, and Agus Gunawan. “Filantropi Global Membentuk Negara Kesejahteraan: Perspektif Islam dan Yahudi.” JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial Dan Humaniora) 6, no. 2 (2022): 141. https://doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v6i2.13608.
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Garland, David. “The Emergence of the Idea of ‘the Welfare State’ in British Political Discourse.” History of the Human Sciences 35, no. 1 (2022): 132–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211034412.
Giubboni, Stefano. “Europe’s Crisis-Law and the Welfare State.” European Labour Law Journal 6, no. 1 (2015): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/201395251500600102.
Hamid, Adnan, M.Rizky Aldila, and Adila Meytiara Intan. “The Urgency of Labor Law for Informal Sector Workers in the Welfare State Concept: An Evidence in Indonesia.” International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 11, no. 6 (2022): 528–41. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i6.2036.
Jensen, Carsten, Christoph Arndt, Seonghui Lee, and Georg Wenzelburger. “Policy Instruments and Welfare State Reform.” Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 2 (2018): 161–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928717711974.
Lindell, Johan, Peter Jakobsson, and Fredrik Stiernstedt. “The Media Welfare State: A Citizen Perspective.” European Journal of Communication 37, no. 3 (2022): 330–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211046792.
Marilang. “Ideologi Welfare State Konstitusi: Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Barang Tambang.” Jurnal Konstitusi 9, no. 2 (2012): 261–86. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk922.
Maulinda, T. Mulya, and Ubaidullah. “Implementasi Pasal 34 Ayat 1 UUD 1945 Tentang Fakir Miskin dan Anak-Anak Yang Terlantar Dipelihara oleh Negara.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fisip Unsyiah 4, no. 4 (2019): 1–15. www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/FISIP.
Murdiyana and Mulyana. “Analisis Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja 10, no. 1 (2017): 73–96. https://doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v10i1.384.
Murphy, Amy Greer. “Children of the Welfare State: Civilising Practices in Schools, Childcare and Families.” Children’s Geographies 17, no. 3 (2019): 372–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2018.1478065.
Nasution, Erwin, Sofia Hardani, and Akmal Abdur Munir. “Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kampar Nomor 10 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penanganan Fakir Miskin di Desa Kepau Jaya.” Journal of Sharia and Law 3, no. 1 (2022): 263–80. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/63974/%0Ahttp://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/63974/2/Skripsi Erwin Nasution.pdf.
Nijhuis, Dennie Oude. “Business, Labour and the Costs of Welfare State Development.” Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 1 (2020): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928719855309.
Nisah, Hoirun, and Hamam. “Implementasi Pasal 34 Ayat 1 UUD 1945 tentang Perlindungan Anak Terlantar di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Jember.” Rechtenstudent 2, no. 2 (2021): 173–83. https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v2i2.59.
Nurhasanah, Putri, Yudianto Achmad, Muhammad Hamdan Ainulyaqin, and Sarwo Edy. “Efektivitas Penerapan UU No. 13 Tahun 2011 Pada Penanganan Fakir Miskin dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Bekasi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 3 (2023): 4589. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.10487.
Okuputra, Muhammad Adryan, and Nasikh. “Pengaruh Inovasi Daerah terhadap Kemiskinan.” Inovasi 18, no. 1 (2022): 159–66. https://doi.org/10.30872/jinv.v18i1.10379.
Purnomo, Agus. “Islam dan Konsep Welfare State Dalam Ekonomi Islam.” Al Iqtishadiyah Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 2 (2015): 99–109. https://doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v2i2.378.
Putra, Lalu Ganda Rady, and Anthony Anggrawan. "Pengelompokan Penerima Bantuan Sosial Masyarakat dengan Metode K-Means." Matrik: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 21, no. 1 (2021): 205-214.
Putra, Marsudi Dedi. “Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) Dalam Perspektif Pancasila.” Likhitaprajna Jurnal Ilmiah 23, no. 2 (2021): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.37303/likhitaprajna.v23i2.199.
Rachman, Cipta Indralestari. “Korelasi Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan Menurut GØSTA Esping-Andersen Dengan Pancasila Dalam Pengaturan Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia.” Jurnal Aktualisasi Pancasila 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–14.
Riwanto, Agus, and Sukarni Suryaningsih. “Realizing Welfare State and Social Justice: A Perspective on Islamic Law.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 5, no. 1 (2022): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v5i1.6430.
Libra, Robert, and Muhammad Fauzan. “Penerapan Konsep Welfare State dalam Memprioritaskan Pelayanan Dibidang Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Miskin di Riau.” Jurnal Esensi Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 39–49. https://journal.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/esensihukum/article/view/225.
Rudy. “Mencari Bentuk Kedaulatan dalam UUD Tahun 1945.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 3 (2013): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v7no3.383.
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Snell, Karoliina, Heta Tarkkala, and Aaro Tupasela. “A Solidarity Paradox – Welfare State Data in Global Health Data Economy.” Health (United Kingdom) 27, no. 5 (2023): 664–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634593211069320.
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Trein, Philipp. “Bossing or Protecting? The Integration of Social Regulation into the Welfare State.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 691, no. 1 (2020): 104–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220953758.
Wahyudin, Muh., and Muh. Jamal Jamil. “Implementasi Pasal 34 Ayat 1 Tentang Penanganan Anak Terlantar Ooleh Dinas Sosial di Kabupaten Gowa.” Qadauna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Keluarga Islam 2, no. 1 (2021): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.24252/qadauna.v2i1.15757.
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References
Adler, Michael, and Paul Henman. “Computerizing the Welfare State: An International Comparison of Computerization in Social Security.” Information Communication and Society 8, no. 3 (2005): 315–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180500259137.
Al Azhar, Baginda Zulfitri. “Pemenuhan Hak Konstitusional Fakir Miskin Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2011 di Kota Manado 1.” Lex Privatum 11, no. 1 (2011): 1–12.
Andersen, Ditte. “Stuck! Welfare State Dependency as Lived Experience.” European Societies 22, no. 3 (2020): 317–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2019.1616796.
Andersen, Niels Åkerstrøm, and Paul Stenner. “How the Welfare State Tries to Protect Itself Against the Law: Luhmann and New Forms of Social Immune Mechanism.” Law and Critique, 2023, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-023-09346-5.
Aslina, Neri. “Analisis Pengamen dan Anak Jalanan di Bawah Umur Perspektif Teori Sosiologi Hukum dan Pasal 34 Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945.” STAI Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 16, no. 2 (2021): 12–36.
Benish, Avishai, and David Levi-Faur. “The Reassertion of the Regulatory Welfare State: A Preface.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 691, no. 1 (2020): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220949216.
Bisariyadi. “Pergulatan Paham Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) dan Negara Regulasi (Regulatory State) dalam Perkara Konstitusional.” JH Ius Quia Iustum 23, no. 4 (2016): 531–51.
Cappelen, Cornelius, and Yvette Peters. “Diversity and Welfare State Legitimacy in Europe. The Challenge of Intra-EU Migration.” Journal of European Public Policy 25, no. 9 (2018): 1336–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1314534.
Chen, Zefanya Angellin, Vanessa, and Felicia Amanda Sulistio. “Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Negara terhadap UUD 1945 Pasal 34.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 7, no. 1 (2023): 154–61. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/pkn/article/view/4718.
Effendi, Winda Roselina. “Konsep Wellfare State di Indoneisa.” Jurnal Trias Politika 1, no. 1 (2017): 171–83. https://doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v1i1.722.
Elviandri, Khuzdaifah Dimyati, and Absori. “Quo Vadis Negara Kesejahteraan: Meneguhkan Ideologi Welfare State Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum 31, no. 2 (2019): 252–66.
Fauzi, Muhamad, and Agus Gunawan. “Filantropi Global Membentuk Negara Kesejahteraan: Perspektif Islam dan Yahudi.” JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial Dan Humaniora) 6, no. 2 (2022): 141. https://doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v6i2.13608.
Fuadi, Ariza. “Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) dalam Pandangan Islam dan Kapitalisme.” Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2015). http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/JESI/article/download/190/185.
Garland, David. “The Emergence of the Idea of ‘the Welfare State’ in British Political Discourse.” History of the Human Sciences 35, no. 1 (2022): 132–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211034412.
Giubboni, Stefano. “Europe’s Crisis-Law and the Welfare State.” European Labour Law Journal 6, no. 1 (2015): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/201395251500600102.
Hamid, Adnan, M.Rizky Aldila, and Adila Meytiara Intan. “The Urgency of Labor Law for Informal Sector Workers in the Welfare State Concept: An Evidence in Indonesia.” International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 11, no. 6 (2022): 528–41. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i6.2036.
Jensen, Carsten, Christoph Arndt, Seonghui Lee, and Georg Wenzelburger. “Policy Instruments and Welfare State Reform.” Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 2 (2018): 161–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928717711974.
Lindell, Johan, Peter Jakobsson, and Fredrik Stiernstedt. “The Media Welfare State: A Citizen Perspective.” European Journal of Communication 37, no. 3 (2022): 330–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211046792.
Marilang. “Ideologi Welfare State Konstitusi: Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Barang Tambang.” Jurnal Konstitusi 9, no. 2 (2012): 261–86. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk922.
Maulinda, T. Mulya, and Ubaidullah. “Implementasi Pasal 34 Ayat 1 UUD 1945 Tentang Fakir Miskin dan Anak-Anak Yang Terlantar Dipelihara oleh Negara.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fisip Unsyiah 4, no. 4 (2019): 1–15. www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/FISIP.
Murdiyana and Mulyana. “Analisis Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja 10, no. 1 (2017): 73–96. https://doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v10i1.384.
Murphy, Amy Greer. “Children of the Welfare State: Civilising Practices in Schools, Childcare and Families.” Children’s Geographies 17, no. 3 (2019): 372–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2018.1478065.
Nasution, Erwin, Sofia Hardani, and Akmal Abdur Munir. “Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kampar Nomor 10 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penanganan Fakir Miskin di Desa Kepau Jaya.” Journal of Sharia and Law 3, no. 1 (2022): 263–80. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/63974/%0Ahttp://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/63974/2/Skripsi Erwin Nasution.pdf.
Nijhuis, Dennie Oude. “Business, Labour and the Costs of Welfare State Development.” Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 1 (2020): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928719855309.
Nisah, Hoirun, and Hamam. “Implementasi Pasal 34 Ayat 1 UUD 1945 tentang Perlindungan Anak Terlantar di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Jember.” Rechtenstudent 2, no. 2 (2021): 173–83. https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v2i2.59.
Nurhasanah, Putri, Yudianto Achmad, Muhammad Hamdan Ainulyaqin, and Sarwo Edy. “Efektivitas Penerapan UU No. 13 Tahun 2011 Pada Penanganan Fakir Miskin dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Bekasi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 3 (2023): 4589. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.10487.
Okuputra, Muhammad Adryan, and Nasikh. “Pengaruh Inovasi Daerah terhadap Kemiskinan.” Inovasi 18, no. 1 (2022): 159–66. https://doi.org/10.30872/jinv.v18i1.10379.
Purnomo, Agus. “Islam dan Konsep Welfare State Dalam Ekonomi Islam.” Al Iqtishadiyah Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 2 (2015): 99–109. https://doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v2i2.378.
Putra, Lalu Ganda Rady, and Anthony Anggrawan. "Pengelompokan Penerima Bantuan Sosial Masyarakat dengan Metode K-Means." Matrik: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 21, no. 1 (2021): 205-214.
Putra, Marsudi Dedi. “Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) Dalam Perspektif Pancasila.” Likhitaprajna Jurnal Ilmiah 23, no. 2 (2021): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.37303/likhitaprajna.v23i2.199.
Rachman, Cipta Indralestari. “Korelasi Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan Menurut GØSTA Esping-Andersen Dengan Pancasila Dalam Pengaturan Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia.” Jurnal Aktualisasi Pancasila 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–14.
Riwanto, Agus, and Sukarni Suryaningsih. “Realizing Welfare State and Social Justice: A Perspective on Islamic Law.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 5, no. 1 (2022): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v5i1.6430.
Libra, Robert, and Muhammad Fauzan. “Penerapan Konsep Welfare State dalam Memprioritaskan Pelayanan Dibidang Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Miskin di Riau.” Jurnal Esensi Hukum 5, no. 1 (2023): 39–49. https://journal.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/esensihukum/article/view/225.
Rudy. “Mencari Bentuk Kedaulatan dalam UUD Tahun 1945.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 3 (2013): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v7no3.383.
Safuridar. “Analisis Dampak Bantuan Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Miskin di Desa Perkebunan Julok Rayeuk Utara Kecamatan Indra Makmu Kabupaten Aceh Timur.” Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi dan Bisnis 8, no. 2 (2017): 725–35. https://doi.org/10.33059/jseb.v8i2.430.
Sarifuddin, Abdul Jamil, and Iwan Erar Joesoef. “Implementasi Keadilan Sosial dalam Mewujudkan Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) Indonesia.” National Conference on Law Studies (NCOLS). 5, no. 1 (2023): 21–30.
Snell, Karoliina, Heta Tarkkala, and Aaro Tupasela. “A Solidarity Paradox – Welfare State Data in Global Health Data Economy.” Health (United Kingdom) 27, no. 5 (2023): 664–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634593211069320.
Sofyan, Imam. “Politik Pluralitas an Demokratisasi Media Dalam Penguatan Masyarakat Sipil.” Jurnal Komunikasi 9, no. 1 (2015): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.21107/ilkom.v9i1.1153.
Tisnanta, Hs, James Reinaldo, and Fathoni Fathoni. “The Dilemma of Indonesia Welfare State Challenge of Realizing Social Welfare in the Global Era.” FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 3 (2018): 231. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no3.936.
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