Efektifitas Ketentuan-Ketentuan World Trade Organization tentang Perlakuan Khusus dan Berbeda Bagi Negara Berkembang: Implementasi dalam Praktek dan dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa

Abstract

This study proposes to address the issue of the effectiveness of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Special and Differential Treatment (S&D) provisions in helping developing countries, in the sense of whether or not the provisions have achieved their ends. To address this issue, the following question will be asked: to what extent have the S&D provisions been effective, both in their implementation in practice by the WTO Members, and in their enforcement in dispute settlement process? Three main legal research methods have been employed for this study, namely  ormative and empirical legal studies, and case studies. This study argues that the implementation and enforcement of the S&D provisions have been mostly ineffective. In the implementation, the unenforceability of the S&D provisions has been the most significant contributing factor to their ineffectiveness. In the dispute settlement, factors for the ineffectiveness have been the failure of developing countries to fulfil conditions required by the S&D provisions; the failure of developing countries to submit adequate prima facie evidence to support their claims or defences; and strict and narrow interpretation of the provisions by panels and the Appellate Body.

Key word : Special treatment and different, developing countries, problem solution