Tanggung Jawab TNCs Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Lingkungan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional Dan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional

Sri Wartini

doi:10.20885/iustum.vol13.iss2.art8

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June 3, 2016

Published

June 3, 2016

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Abstract

International Human Rights Law and International Environmental Law is not able to protect efectively the violation of human rights and the righ to fenviromental protection exercised by TNCs, because TNCs is not subject of international law. The establishing and exercising soft-law such as code of conduct, global compactand OECD guide lines is expected to change the attude of TNCs In the future.

Keywords

Environmental protect efectively global compactand

Author Biography

Sri Wartini, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Fakultas Hukum

How to Cite

Wartini, S. (2016). Tanggung Jawab TNCs Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Lingkungan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional Dan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 13(2), 262–378. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol13.iss2.art8

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References

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WTO Secretariat, Trade Development andthe Environment, London, Kluwer Law In ternational, 2000.
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unternational Law, Virginia Journal of intemational Law, Summer 2004.
KhokhryakovaAnastasia,"Beanal V. Freeport-McMoran,inc: Liability of Private Actor For an international Environmental Tort
UnderThe Alien Tort ClaimsAct", Colorado journal of Enternational Environmental Law and policy, Vol 9, Summer
Lindsay Shinsato Alison," Increasing The Ac countability of Transnational Corpora tions for Environmental Harms : The
Petroiium industri in Nigeria", 4 North western University
Journal of InternatioanI Human Rights, December 2005.
M. Schmidt Tracy," Transnational Corporate Responsibility forIntemational Environmental And Human Rights Violations :
Will the Unitted Nations "Norms" ProvideThe required Means ? ", Califor nia Westerm Law Journal, Voi.36, Fail 2005.
Mowery A.^ Lauren," Earth Rights, Human Rights : Can Environmental Human Rights Affect Corporate accountability?", Fordham Environmental Law joumal,Vol.13, Spring, 2002.
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969.
Rio Declaration Stockholm Declaration niversal Declaration of Human Rights httpMwikipedia.org/wiki/FreeportJndonesia. diakses pada tanggal 20 Maret 2006.
http://dte.gn.apc.org/AF16.htm," IFIs In Indonesia"diaksestanggal 17Maret 2006.
http://www.menlh.go.id/terbaru/artikel.php?article-id
+170&PHPSESSID=b9ccf4801728.... diakses pada tanggal 18 Maret 2006.
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Business And Human Rights ; A ProgressReport {Jan. 2000).

References

Akehurst, MichaelAModem Introductionto In ternationalLaw, fourth Edition, London, GeorgeAllen and UNWIn limited, 1982.

A. Sonny Keraf, Etika Lingkungan, Jakarta, Kompas, 2002.

BoerMauna, Hukum IntemasionalPengertian, Peranan dan Fungsi Dalam Era Dinamika Global, Bandung, Aiumni, 2000.

Brown WeissEdith,"intergenerational Equity: A legal Framework for Global Environ mental Change, dalam Environmen

tal Change and International Law, United Nations, Tokyo University Press, 1992.

Esty 0. Daniel, Greeningthe GAIT, Trade, Environment, and the Future, London, Longman Group, UK limited, 1994.

Dixon Martin, Public Intemationallaw, Fourth Edition, United Kingdom, Bkackstone Press Limited.

Boyle E.Alan and Michael R.Anderson, Human Rights Approachs toEnvironmen talProtection,NewYork, Oxford Univer sityPress, 1996.

K.M. SmithRhona, Intemational Human Rights Law, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, NewYork, 2005.

Posner Richard A. and Kenneth E. Scott, Economic of orporation Lawand Securi ties Regulation, Toronto, Little Brown and company, 1980.

Schijver Nico, Souveregnty over Naturaral Resources, Cambridge University Press, NewYork, 1997.

Sands Philippe, Principles ofInternational EnvironmentalLaw, NewYork, Manches terUniversity Press,1995.

UN Conference on Trade and Development, The Social Responsibility of Transnational Corporations, U.N. Doc.

UNCTAD/iTE/IIT/Misc.21 (1999).

Diaksesdarthttp:// www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteiitm 21.en.pdf. diakses tanggal 20 Maret 2006.

WTO Secretariat, Trade Development andthe Environment, London, Kluwer Law In ternational, 2000.

Kiniey David danJunkoTadaki," From Talk to Walk : The Emergence of Human Rights ResponsibilityforCorporation at

unternational Law, Virginia Journal of intemational Law, Summer 2004.

KhokhryakovaAnastasia,"Beanal V. Freeport-McMoran,inc: Liability of Private Actor For an international Environmental Tort

UnderThe Alien Tort ClaimsAct", Colorado journal of Enternational Environmental Law and policy, Vol 9, Summer

Lindsay Shinsato Alison," Increasing The Ac countability of Transnational Corpora tions for Environmental Harms : The

Petroiium industri in Nigeria", 4 North western University

Journal of InternatioanI Human Rights, December 2005.

M. Schmidt Tracy," Transnational Corporate Responsibility forIntemational Environmental And Human Rights Violations :

Will the Unitted Nations "Norms" ProvideThe required Means ? ", Califor nia Westerm Law Journal, Voi.36, Fail 2005.

Mowery A.^ Lauren," Earth Rights, Human Rights : Can Environmental Human Rights Affect Corporate accountability?", Fordham Environmental Law joumal,Vol.13, Spring, 2002.

Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969.

Rio Declaration Stockholm Declaration niversal Declaration of Human Rights httpMwikipedia.org/wiki/FreeportJndonesia. diakses pada tanggal 20 Maret 2006.

http://dte.gn.apc.org/AF16.htm," IFIs In Indonesia"diaksestanggal 17Maret 2006.

http://www.menlh.go.id/terbaru/artikel.php?article-id

+170&PHPSESSID=b9ccf4801728.... diakses pada tanggal 18 Maret 2006.

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeport-lndonesia, diakses pada tanggal 18 Maret, 2006.

http :// www.unhcr.ch/business.htm, diakses tanggal 20 Maret 2006. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,

Business And Human Rights ; A ProgressReport {Jan. 2000).

Tanggung Jawab TNCs Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Lingkungan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional Dan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional

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Sri Wartini, Universitas Islam Indonesia

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