Main Article Content
Abstract
This survey study aims to identify EFL undergraduate students’ online self-regulated learning strategies in the process of writing their undergraduate theses during COVID-19 pandemic. 97 senior students agreed to participate in this study. This study used a 24-item questionnaire adapted from Barnard et al. (2009) Online Self- Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ). The results revealed that the participants’ online self-regulated learning strategies in the process of writing their undergraduate theses from the highest to lowest mean score were: environment structuring, help-seeking, self-evaluation, goal setting, time management, and task strategies. Environment structuring had the highest average score, indicating that undergraduate English Education students were able to choose and arrange places for online learning to minimize distractions so that their learning could run optimally. However, the ability of self- regulated learning strategies in the task strategy domain had the lowest average score. The results displays that in the process of writing undergraduate theses, participants’ ability in task strategies needed to be improved. For further research, the researchers recommend further investigation on the relationship between undergraduate students’ motivation and ability in implementing their self-regulated online learning strategies in writing undergraduate thesis. Future research should also include metacognitive learning strategies and re-examine the relationship of undergraduate students’ online self-regulated learning strategies to their online learning performance in writing undergraduate theses.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Astri Hapsari, Tiara Ayu Fatmasari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Ally, M. (2004). Foundations of educational theory for online learning. In Anderson T. (Ed.), The theory and practice of online learning (pp. 15–44). Athabasca University Press.
- Anderson, M., Ronning, E. A., De Vries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2007). The perverse effects of competition on scientists’ work and relationships. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13(4), 437-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5
- Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., Crooks, S. M., & Paton, V.O. (2008a). The relationship of epistemological beliefs with self-regulatory skills in the online course environment. Journal of Online and Learning Teaching, 4(3), 261–266.
- Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2008b). Online self-regulatory learning behaviors as a mediator in the relationship between online course perceptions with achievement. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i2.516
- Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S. L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.10.005
- Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2010a). Profiles in self-regulated learning in the online learning environment. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i1.769
- Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V.O., & Lan, W.Y. (2010b). Self-regulation across time of first-generation online learners. Research in Learning Technology, 18(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687761003657572
- Chien, C. W. (2016). Taiwanese EFL undergraduates’ self-regulated learning with and without technology. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2016.1264076
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed. SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Dewi, I. G. A. E. S. (2022). Students’ difficulties in writing thesis during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Study, 2(1), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v2i1.268
- Hallberg, D., & Olsson, U. (2017). Self-Regulated learning in students’ thesis writing. International Journal of Teaching and Education, 5(1), 13-24.
- Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3). 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129
- Kirmizi, O. (2014). Self-regulated learning strategies employed by regular, evening, and distance education English Language and Literature students. The Anthropologist, 18(2), 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891563
- Ivanič, R. (2004). Discourses of Writing and Learning to Write. Language and Education, 18(3), 220–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780408666877
- Lidiawati, K. R., & Helsa, H. (2021). Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: How self-regulated learning strategies impact student engagement? Jurnal Psibernetika, 14(1), 1-10.
- Lynch, R., & Dembo, M. (2004). The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v5i2.189
- Mahfudhoh, R. (2019). Students’ Self-regulated learning process in thesis writing at English Language Education Department of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel]. Digital Library UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/38608/
- Martin, J. (2004). Self-regulated learning, social cognitive theory, and agency. Educational Psychologist, 39(3), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3902_4
- Nicholls, G. (2005). The challenge to scholarship: Rethinking learning, teaching and research. Routledge.
- Nugroho, S. A., Wati, A. F., & Dianastiti, F. E., (2020). Constraints and solutions in the implementation of online lesson in higher education. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan, 16(2), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v16i2.700
- Nurkamto, J., Djatmika, & Prihandoko, L. A. (2022). Students’ problem of academic writing competencies, challenges in online thesis supervision, and the solutions: thesis supervisors’ perspectives. TEFLIN Journal, (33)1, 123-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v33i1/123-147
- Pravita, A. R., & Kuswandono, P. (2022). Writing anxiety and academic procrastination on undergraduate thesis writing: The role of self-regulation. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies, (9)1, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v9i1.4010
- Prihandoko, L. A., Djatmika, & Nurkamto, J. (2022). Complexities of online thesis supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic: EFL lecturers’ perceptions. Proceedings of the 67th TEFLIN International Virtual Conference & the 9th ICOELT 2021 (TEFLIN ICOELT 2021), 624, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220201.047
- Redjeki, G. P. D., & Hapsari, A. (2022). EFL undergraduate students’ online self-regulated learning strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 9(1), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v9i1.21066
- Sandria, N. S. (2021). EFL students’ perceptions of the online undergraduate thesis supervision process. Jurnal Penelitian, Pendidikan, dan Pembelajaran, 17(1).
- Schunk, D. H. (2001). Social cognitive theory and self-regulated learning. In B.J. Zimmerman & D.H. Schunk, (Eds). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (2nd ed.) (pp. 83-110). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Seker, M. (2020). The use of self-regulation strategies by foreign language learners and its role in language achievement. Language Teaching Research, 20(5), 600-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815578550
- Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B., (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in aplied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management (2)11, 1-22.
- Uzuner, S. (2008). Multilingual scholars’ participation in core/ global academic communities: A literature review. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(4), 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2008.10.007
- Wittek, A. L. (2018). Process of writing as mediational tool in higher education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(3), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1258664
- Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Academic studying and the development of personal skill: A self-regulatory perspective. Educational Psychologist, 33(2-3), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1998.9653292
- Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). Motivational sources and outcomes of self-regulated learning and performance. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 49–64). Taylor Francis.
References
Ally, M. (2004). Foundations of educational theory for online learning. In Anderson T. (Ed.), The theory and practice of online learning (pp. 15–44). Athabasca University Press.
Anderson, M., Ronning, E. A., De Vries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2007). The perverse effects of competition on scientists’ work and relationships. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13(4), 437-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5
Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., Crooks, S. M., & Paton, V.O. (2008a). The relationship of epistemological beliefs with self-regulatory skills in the online course environment. Journal of Online and Learning Teaching, 4(3), 261–266.
Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2008b). Online self-regulatory learning behaviors as a mediator in the relationship between online course perceptions with achievement. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i2.516
Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S. L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.10.005
Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2010a). Profiles in self-regulated learning in the online learning environment. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i1.769
Barnard-Brak, L., Paton, V.O., & Lan, W.Y. (2010b). Self-regulation across time of first-generation online learners. Research in Learning Technology, 18(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687761003657572
Chien, C. W. (2016). Taiwanese EFL undergraduates’ self-regulated learning with and without technology. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2016.1264076
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dewi, I. G. A. E. S. (2022). Students’ difficulties in writing thesis during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Study, 2(1), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v2i1.268
Hallberg, D., & Olsson, U. (2017). Self-Regulated learning in students’ thesis writing. International Journal of Teaching and Education, 5(1), 13-24.
Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3). 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129
Kirmizi, O. (2014). Self-regulated learning strategies employed by regular, evening, and distance education English Language and Literature students. The Anthropologist, 18(2), 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891563
Ivanič, R. (2004). Discourses of Writing and Learning to Write. Language and Education, 18(3), 220–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780408666877
Lidiawati, K. R., & Helsa, H. (2021). Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: How self-regulated learning strategies impact student engagement? Jurnal Psibernetika, 14(1), 1-10.
Lynch, R., & Dembo, M. (2004). The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v5i2.189
Mahfudhoh, R. (2019). Students’ Self-regulated learning process in thesis writing at English Language Education Department of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. [Undergraduate thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel]. Digital Library UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/38608/
Martin, J. (2004). Self-regulated learning, social cognitive theory, and agency. Educational Psychologist, 39(3), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3902_4
Nicholls, G. (2005). The challenge to scholarship: Rethinking learning, teaching and research. Routledge.
Nugroho, S. A., Wati, A. F., & Dianastiti, F. E., (2020). Constraints and solutions in the implementation of online lesson in higher education. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan, 16(2), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v16i2.700
Nurkamto, J., Djatmika, & Prihandoko, L. A. (2022). Students’ problem of academic writing competencies, challenges in online thesis supervision, and the solutions: thesis supervisors’ perspectives. TEFLIN Journal, (33)1, 123-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v33i1/123-147
Pravita, A. R., & Kuswandono, P. (2022). Writing anxiety and academic procrastination on undergraduate thesis writing: The role of self-regulation. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies, (9)1, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v9i1.4010
Prihandoko, L. A., Djatmika, & Nurkamto, J. (2022). Complexities of online thesis supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic: EFL lecturers’ perceptions. Proceedings of the 67th TEFLIN International Virtual Conference & the 9th ICOELT 2021 (TEFLIN ICOELT 2021), 624, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220201.047
Redjeki, G. P. D., & Hapsari, A. (2022). EFL undergraduate students’ online self-regulated learning strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 9(1), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v9i1.21066
Sandria, N. S. (2021). EFL students’ perceptions of the online undergraduate thesis supervision process. Jurnal Penelitian, Pendidikan, dan Pembelajaran, 17(1).
Schunk, D. H. (2001). Social cognitive theory and self-regulated learning. In B.J. Zimmerman & D.H. Schunk, (Eds). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (2nd ed.) (pp. 83-110). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Seker, M. (2020). The use of self-regulation strategies by foreign language learners and its role in language achievement. Language Teaching Research, 20(5), 600-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815578550
Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B., (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in aplied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management (2)11, 1-22.
Uzuner, S. (2008). Multilingual scholars’ participation in core/ global academic communities: A literature review. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(4), 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2008.10.007
Wittek, A. L. (2018). Process of writing as mediational tool in higher education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(3), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1258664
Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Academic studying and the development of personal skill: A self-regulatory perspective. Educational Psychologist, 33(2-3), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1998.9653292
Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). Motivational sources and outcomes of self-regulated learning and performance. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 49–64). Taylor Francis.