Main Article Content
Abstract
Academic writing is a fundamental competency that should be mastered by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. However, to do so is often a challenging task for the students. That challenge might affect students’ writing motivation. This study aims to explore possible factors that motivate EFL students’ motivation in an academic writing class. To achieve that goal, the researchers first conducted a literature review of 15 relevant articles published in national and international journals. Then, the researchers conducted a semi-structured interview with four students to discuss the results of the literature review analysis. With a rigorous peer debriefing data analysis strategy, the research findings presented four main themes as the answers to the research question. The themes were related to technology and visual aids, learning goals, students' relationships and social environment, and lecturers' excellent competency. The findings were then discussed in light of the relevant literature. Practical recommendations (i.e., providing various writing template, spending enough time for writing consultation, and encouraging students to stay motivated in the writing class) for EFL lecturers teaching the academic writing class and ideas for future research, which included expanding the research participants and contexts to confirm or challenge the motivational factors revealed in the current study, were presented.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Arinda Luthyara Adventi, Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali, Listyani

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References
- Ai, J., Pan, Y., & Zhong, W. (2021). The role of motivation in second language acquisition of English. Journal of Education and Educational Research, 5(3), 623–627. https://doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v5i3.13733
- Al Othman, F. H. M., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The impact of motivation on English language learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v2n4p123
- Alshenqeeti, H. (2018). Motivation and foreign language learning: Exploring the rise of motivation strategies in the EFL classroom. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.7p.1
- Alzubi, A. A. F., & Nazim, M. (2024). Students’ intrinsic motivation in EFL academic writing: Topic-based interest in focus. Heliyon, 10(1), e24169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24169
- Andewi, W., & Hastomo, T. (2022). Effect of Using Flipped Classroom for Teaching Writing Based on Students’ Motivation: a Quasi-Experimental Research. Premise: Journal of English Education, 11(3), 615. https://doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i3.5511
- Borah, M. (2021). Motivation in learning. Journal of Critical Review, 8(2), 550–552. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.08.02.59
- Chang, Y. C., & Tsai, Y. T. (2022). The effect of university students’ emotional intelligence, learning motivation and self-efficacy on their academic achievement—online English courses. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818929
- Diasti, K. S., & Mbato, C. L. (2020). Exploring undergraduate students’ motivation-regulation strategies in thesis writing. Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(2), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.15294/lc.v14i2.23450
- Escobar Fandiño, F. G., Muñoz, L. D., & Silva Velandia, A. J. (2019). Motivation and e-learning English as a foreign language: A qualitative study. Heliyon, 5(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02394
- Esfandiari, R., Meihami, H., & Jahani, F. (2022). Exploring Iranian postgraduate EFL students’ academic writing experiences and expectations: A dynamic narrative approach. TESL-EJ, 25(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.25100a4
- Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Guay, F. (1995). Academic motivation and school performance: Toward a structural model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20(3), 257–274.
- Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivational variables in second-language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, 13(4), 266–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0083787
- Han, Y., & Xu, Y. (2020). The development of student feedback literacy: the influences of teacher feedback on peer feedback. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(5), 680–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1689545
- Hayikaleng, N., Nair, S. M., & Krishnasamy, H. N. (2016). Thai students’ motivation on English reading comprehension. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(6), 477–486.
- Hidayati, T., & Diana, S. (2022). Students’ motivation to learn English using mobile spplications: The case of Duolingo and Hello English. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies (JEELS), 6(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v6i2.1233
- Kritandani, W., Putra, A. W., Mali, Y. C. G., & Isharyanti, N. (2024). SciSpace for finding relevant literature in English language education contexts : A technology review. Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies, 10(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v10i2.9146
- Kulusakli, E. (2021). An investigation into Turkish EFL learners’ academic writing motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 21(93), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.93.8Kusumaningtyas, B. W. D., Mbato, C. L., & Ena, O. T. (2023). Students’Perceptions of Teacher Self-Efficacy and Its Influence on Their Motivation. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 428–442. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v10i2.34758.
- Lai, E. R. (2011). Motivation: A literature review research report. Pearson, 1–43.
- Mali, Y. C. G. (2015). Motivational factors in the Indonesian EFL classrooms. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i1.794
- Mali, Y. C. G. (2017). Motivational teaching strategies in Indonesian EFL writing classrooms. Celt (A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature), 17(1), 60–85. https://journal.unika.ac.id/index.php/celt/article/view/1139
- Mali, Y. C. G. (2023). EFL students’ challenges in writing research proposals. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 26(1), 272–289. https://doi.org/10.24071/LLT.V26I1.5296
- Mauliya, I., Relianisa, R. Z., & Rokhyati, U. (2020). Lack of Motivation Factors Creating Poor Academic Performance in the Context of Graduate English Department Students Islahul Mauliya Resty Zulema Relianisa Umy Rokhyati. Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 2020(6), 2355–2069.
- McCombs, B. L. (1995). Understanding the keys to motivation to learn. In What’s Noteworthy on Learners, Learning, Schooling (pp. 5–12).
- Muhammad, A. S., & Halabi, K. A. (2021). Impact of motivation on student’s academics performance: A case study of Metharath University (Mru) students. 1(6), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4148198/v1
- Paradita, L. I., Hunafa, N., Surwanti, D., Sari, M. I., & Ardianto, P. (2023). Word-target and Pleasure Reading: Exploring External Motivation in L2 Reading. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 2023. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v10i2.35426.
- Purmama, N. A., Rahayu, N. S., & Yugafiati, R. (2019). Students’ Motivation in Learning English. Professional Journal of English Education (PROJECT), 2(4), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p539-544
- Qian, Y. (2019). Motivation to english academic writing: Chinese students’ literacy autobiography. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(5), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0905.06
- Sabti, A. A., Md Rashid, S., Nimehchisalem, V., & Darmi, R. (2019). The impact of writing anxiety, writing achievement motivation, and writing self-efficacy on writing performance: A correlational study of Iraqi tertiary EFL learners. SAGE Open, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894289
- Wang, H., & Troia, G. A. (2023). How students’ writing motivation, teachers’ personal and professional attributes, and writing instruction impact student writing achievement: a two-level hierarchical linear modeling study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213929
- Wardani, C. D. D., & Mali, Y. C. G. (2023). Researching EFL students’ disengagement in an online content-teaching classroom. ELT Echo: The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context, 8(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v8i1.11830
- Yu, S., Zhou, N., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, H., & Li, X. (2019). Evaluating student motivation and engagement in the Chinese EFL writing context. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 62(19), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.06.002
References
Ai, J., Pan, Y., & Zhong, W. (2021). The role of motivation in second language acquisition of English. Journal of Education and Educational Research, 5(3), 623–627. https://doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v5i3.13733
Al Othman, F. H. M., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The impact of motivation on English language learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v2n4p123
Alshenqeeti, H. (2018). Motivation and foreign language learning: Exploring the rise of motivation strategies in the EFL classroom. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.7p.1
Alzubi, A. A. F., & Nazim, M. (2024). Students’ intrinsic motivation in EFL academic writing: Topic-based interest in focus. Heliyon, 10(1), e24169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24169
Andewi, W., & Hastomo, T. (2022). Effect of Using Flipped Classroom for Teaching Writing Based on Students’ Motivation: a Quasi-Experimental Research. Premise: Journal of English Education, 11(3), 615. https://doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i3.5511
Borah, M. (2021). Motivation in learning. Journal of Critical Review, 8(2), 550–552. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.08.02.59
Chang, Y. C., & Tsai, Y. T. (2022). The effect of university students’ emotional intelligence, learning motivation and self-efficacy on their academic achievement—online English courses. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818929
Diasti, K. S., & Mbato, C. L. (2020). Exploring undergraduate students’ motivation-regulation strategies in thesis writing. Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(2), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.15294/lc.v14i2.23450
Escobar Fandiño, F. G., Muñoz, L. D., & Silva Velandia, A. J. (2019). Motivation and e-learning English as a foreign language: A qualitative study. Heliyon, 5(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02394
Esfandiari, R., Meihami, H., & Jahani, F. (2022). Exploring Iranian postgraduate EFL students’ academic writing experiences and expectations: A dynamic narrative approach. TESL-EJ, 25(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.25100a4
Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Guay, F. (1995). Academic motivation and school performance: Toward a structural model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20(3), 257–274.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivational variables in second-language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, 13(4), 266–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0083787
Han, Y., & Xu, Y. (2020). The development of student feedback literacy: the influences of teacher feedback on peer feedback. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(5), 680–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1689545
Hayikaleng, N., Nair, S. M., & Krishnasamy, H. N. (2016). Thai students’ motivation on English reading comprehension. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(6), 477–486.
Hidayati, T., & Diana, S. (2022). Students’ motivation to learn English using mobile spplications: The case of Duolingo and Hello English. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies (JEELS), 6(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v6i2.1233
Kritandani, W., Putra, A. W., Mali, Y. C. G., & Isharyanti, N. (2024). SciSpace for finding relevant literature in English language education contexts : A technology review. Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies, 10(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v10i2.9146
Kulusakli, E. (2021). An investigation into Turkish EFL learners’ academic writing motivation. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 21(93), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.93.8Kusumaningtyas, B. W. D., Mbato, C. L., & Ena, O. T. (2023). Students’Perceptions of Teacher Self-Efficacy and Its Influence on Their Motivation. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 428–442. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v10i2.34758.
Lai, E. R. (2011). Motivation: A literature review research report. Pearson, 1–43.
Mali, Y. C. G. (2015). Motivational factors in the Indonesian EFL classrooms. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i1.794
Mali, Y. C. G. (2017). Motivational teaching strategies in Indonesian EFL writing classrooms. Celt (A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature), 17(1), 60–85. https://journal.unika.ac.id/index.php/celt/article/view/1139
Mali, Y. C. G. (2023). EFL students’ challenges in writing research proposals. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 26(1), 272–289. https://doi.org/10.24071/LLT.V26I1.5296
Mauliya, I., Relianisa, R. Z., & Rokhyati, U. (2020). Lack of Motivation Factors Creating Poor Academic Performance in the Context of Graduate English Department Students Islahul Mauliya Resty Zulema Relianisa Umy Rokhyati. Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 2020(6), 2355–2069.
McCombs, B. L. (1995). Understanding the keys to motivation to learn. In What’s Noteworthy on Learners, Learning, Schooling (pp. 5–12).
Muhammad, A. S., & Halabi, K. A. (2021). Impact of motivation on student’s academics performance: A case study of Metharath University (Mru) students. 1(6), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4148198/v1
Paradita, L. I., Hunafa, N., Surwanti, D., Sari, M. I., & Ardianto, P. (2023). Word-target and Pleasure Reading: Exploring External Motivation in L2 Reading. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 2023. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v10i2.35426.
Purmama, N. A., Rahayu, N. S., & Yugafiati, R. (2019). Students’ Motivation in Learning English. Professional Journal of English Education (PROJECT), 2(4), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p539-544
Qian, Y. (2019). Motivation to english academic writing: Chinese students’ literacy autobiography. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(5), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0905.06
Sabti, A. A., Md Rashid, S., Nimehchisalem, V., & Darmi, R. (2019). The impact of writing anxiety, writing achievement motivation, and writing self-efficacy on writing performance: A correlational study of Iraqi tertiary EFL learners. SAGE Open, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894289
Wang, H., & Troia, G. A. (2023). How students’ writing motivation, teachers’ personal and professional attributes, and writing instruction impact student writing achievement: a two-level hierarchical linear modeling study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213929
Wardani, C. D. D., & Mali, Y. C. G. (2023). Researching EFL students’ disengagement in an online content-teaching classroom. ELT Echo: The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context, 8(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v8i1.11830
Yu, S., Zhou, N., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, H., & Li, X. (2019). Evaluating student motivation and engagement in the Chinese EFL writing context. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 62(19), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.06.002
