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Abstract
Modern company issues faced by Human Resource (HR) are often caused by a lack of attention to assessment training, employee focus is not only salary but also healthy work and sustainable stress, meanwhile a highly competitive business makes the company depend on committed people and their sustained performance. This study aims to determine training and organizational commitment that affect employee performance through job satisfaction. The research method was quantitative while the population was 41 employees from PT. Inti Beton, and the sample was the entire population. Questionnaires were used as the research instrument and the data analysis technique used is IBM SPSS Statistics software. Analysis techniques used in this research were t-test, f test, simple and multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. The result of this study found that training and organizational commitment had a significant and positive influence on employee performance, and training and organizational commitment had a significant and positive influence on job satisfaction. This research implies several things, first perhaps training that increases employee performance, such as deepening worker knowledge, or reducing errors in the use of tools such as human error, job satisfaction related to employee perceptions of how good and how important the work is. It also leads to an increase in an employee’s commitment to the organization.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Rahesti Halilintar, Achmad Sobirin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Abugre, J. B., & Anlesinya, A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Value of multinational companies: Lessons from a Sub-Saharan African environment. Journal of African Business, 20(4), pp. 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1581002
- Al-Ali, W., Ameen, A., Isaac, O., Khalifa, G. S. A., & Shibami, A. H. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Job Happiness on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance and Turnover Intentions: A Case Study on the Oil and Gas Industry in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Business & Retail Management Research, 13(4), pp. 103-116. https://doi.org/10.24052/jbrmr/v13is04/art-09
- Al-Sada, M., Al-Esmael, B., & Faisal, M. N. (2017). Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Employee Satisfaction, Commitment and Motivation in the Educational Sector in Qatar. EuroMed Journal of Business, 12(2), pp. 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/emjb-02-2016-0003
- Ampofo. T. (2020). Mediation Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement n The Relationship Between Organizational Embeddedness and Affective Commitment Among Frontline Employees of Star–Rated Hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, pp. 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
- Andreani, F., & Patrik, A. (2016). Employee Performance as The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction in PT Anugerah Baru Denpasar. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 18(1), pp. 25-32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.18.1.25-32
- Argensia, Dalimunthe, R. F., & Salim, S. R. A. (2014). Analisis Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Medan). Jurnal Ekonom, 17(2), pp. 39-53.
- Armstrong, M. (2001). A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practices (8th ed.). London: Book Power/ELST.
- Ashraf. A. (2020). Demographic Factors, Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Private University: An Analysis Using SEM. Journal of Global Responsibility, 11(4), pp. 407–436. https://doi.org/10.1108/jgr-01-2020-0010
- Bernardin, H. J dan Russell, J. E. A. (2013). Human Resource Management 6th Edition. New York: McGrawHill
- Snell, S. & Bohlander, G. W. (2013). Principles of Human Resource Management. Singapore: South Western Cengage Learning.
- Bulut, C., & Culha, O. (2010). The effects of organizational training on Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Training and Development, 14(4), pp. 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2419.2010.00360.x
- Carmeli, A., & Freund, A. (2003). Work commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 7(3), pp. 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-07-03-2004-b001
- Cherif. (2020). The role of human resource management practices and employee job satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment in Saudi Arabian banking sector. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(7/8), pp. 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2019-0216
- Combs, J., Liu, Y., Hall, A., & Ketchen, D. (2006). How much do high-performance work practices matter? A meta-analysis of their effects on organizational performance. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), pp. 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744- 6570.2006.00045.x
- Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Falcon, C. D., Santana, J. D. M., & Pérez, P. D. S. (2016). Human Resources Management and Performance in The Hotel Industry: The Role of The Commitment and Satisfaction of Managers Versus Supervisors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), pp. 490–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2014-0386
- Flippo, E. B. (1984). Personnel Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Edisi 8 Cetakan ke VII. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Hanifah, N. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen Afektif (Studi pada Karyawan PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras Gresik). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM), 4(3) p. 10.
- Harrison, J. K., & Hubbard, R. (1998). Antecedents to organizational commitment among Mexican employees of a U.S. firm in Mexico. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(5), pp. 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549809600416
- Hendri. I. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), pp. 1208– 1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-05-2018-0174
- Hidayati, T., & Rahmawati, R. (2016). The Effect on The Job Satisfaction Organization, Performance of Employees Commitment, and Service Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 13(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29264/jkin.v13i1.361
- Huang, T.C., & Hsiao, W. (2007). The Causal Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(9), pp. 1265-1276.
- Huang, W. R., & Su, C. H. (2016). The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between job training satisfaction and turnover intentions. Industrial and Commercial Training, 48(1), pp. 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2015-0029
- Huynh, T. N., & Hua, N. T. A. (2020). The relationship between task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(4), pp. 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1108/jamr-03-2020-0036
- Ilyas, Y. (1999). Kinerja: Teori Penilaian dan Penelitian. Jakarta: Fekom UI.
- Ibrahim, R., Boerhannoeddin, A., & Bakare, K. K. (2017). The effect of soft skills and training methodology on employee performance. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), pp. 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-0be8-2016-0066
- Jaworski, C., Ravichandran, S., Karpinski, A. C., & Singh, S. (2018). The effects of training satisfaction, employee benefits, and incentives on part-time employees’ commitment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 74, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.011
- Kartikasari, R. I. (2017). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada SPBE PT. Tunas Sejati Cilacap). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 6(4), pp. 1-12.
- Khan, Riaz, M., Ziauddin, Ahmed, F., & Ramay, M. I. (2010). The Impacts of Organizational Commitment on Employee Job Performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), pp. 189-206.
- Kim, W. G., Leong, J. K., & Lee, Y.-K. (2005). Effect of Service Orientation on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Intention of Leaving in a Casual Dining Chain Restaurant. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(2), pp. 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.05.004
- Larson, M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Potential added value of psychological capital in predicting work attitudes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(1), pp. 45– 62. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130010701
- Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In: Dunnette, M.D., Ed. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, pp. 1297-1343.
- Lee, J. Y., & Welliver, M. C. (2018). The role of strategic leadership for learning on the relationship between training opportunities and salesperson job performance and commitment. European Journal of Training and Development, 42(9), pp. 558–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-08-2017-0068
- Maleka, M. J., Paul-Dachapalli, L. A., Ragadu, S. C., Schultz, C. M., & Van Hoek, L. (2020). Performance management, vigour, and training and development as predictors of job satisfaction in low-income workers. Journal of Human Resource Management, 18. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1257
- Manresa, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Simon, A. (2019). The impact of training and development practices on innovation and financial performance. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(7/8), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2019-0035
- Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2009). Human Resource Management.
- Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2011). Human Resource Management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: West-South.
- Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), pp. 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-z
- Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), pp. 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
- Ocen, E., Francis, K., & Angundaru, G. (2017). The role of training in building employee commitment: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(9), pp. 742–757. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-11-2016-0084
- PT. Inti Beton. Ibet. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2022, from http://ibet.co.id/tentang- kami/
- Rosita, T., & Yuniati, T. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen (JIRM), 5(1), pp. 1-20.
- Sari, N. P., Bendesa, I. K., & Antara, M. (2019). The influence of quality of work life on employees’ performance with job satisfaction and work motivation as intervening variables in star-rated hotels in Ubud tourism area of Bali. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 7(1), pp. 74-83. https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n1a8
- Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2009). Research Methods for Business A Skill Building Approach, Seventh Edition. United Kingdom: John Wiley.
- Setiawan, I., Ekhsan, M., & Parashakti, R. D. (2021). The Effect of Training on Employee Performance Mediated Job Satisfaction. Jurnal Perspektif Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan (JPMK), 1(2), pp. 186-195. Retrieved from http://jurnal.undira.ac.id/index.php/jpmk/article/view/32.
- Simanjuntak, P. (2005). Manajemen dan. Evaluasi Kinerja. Jakarta: FE UI.
- Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, CV.
- Swanson, R. A., & Holton. (2001). Foundations of Human-Resource Development. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
- Wagiman, S., & Sutanto, H. A. (2019). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kantor Wilayah Semarang).
- Wetherington, J.M. (2010). The Relationship Between Learning Organization Dimensions and Performance in the Nonprofit Sector. University of Phoenix ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
- Yousef, D. A. (2016). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes toward organizational change: A study in the local government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), pp. 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
References
Abugre, J. B., & Anlesinya, A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Value of multinational companies: Lessons from a Sub-Saharan African environment. Journal of African Business, 20(4), pp. 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1581002
Al-Ali, W., Ameen, A., Isaac, O., Khalifa, G. S. A., & Shibami, A. H. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Job Happiness on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance and Turnover Intentions: A Case Study on the Oil and Gas Industry in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Business & Retail Management Research, 13(4), pp. 103-116. https://doi.org/10.24052/jbrmr/v13is04/art-09
Al-Sada, M., Al-Esmael, B., & Faisal, M. N. (2017). Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Employee Satisfaction, Commitment and Motivation in the Educational Sector in Qatar. EuroMed Journal of Business, 12(2), pp. 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/emjb-02-2016-0003
Ampofo. T. (2020). Mediation Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement n The Relationship Between Organizational Embeddedness and Affective Commitment Among Frontline Employees of Star–Rated Hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, pp. 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
Andreani, F., & Patrik, A. (2016). Employee Performance as The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction in PT Anugerah Baru Denpasar. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 18(1), pp. 25-32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.18.1.25-32
Argensia, Dalimunthe, R. F., & Salim, S. R. A. (2014). Analisis Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Medan). Jurnal Ekonom, 17(2), pp. 39-53.
Armstrong, M. (2001). A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practices (8th ed.). London: Book Power/ELST.
Ashraf. A. (2020). Demographic Factors, Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Private University: An Analysis Using SEM. Journal of Global Responsibility, 11(4), pp. 407–436. https://doi.org/10.1108/jgr-01-2020-0010
Bernardin, H. J dan Russell, J. E. A. (2013). Human Resource Management 6th Edition. New York: McGrawHill
Snell, S. & Bohlander, G. W. (2013). Principles of Human Resource Management. Singapore: South Western Cengage Learning.
Bulut, C., & Culha, O. (2010). The effects of organizational training on Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Training and Development, 14(4), pp. 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2419.2010.00360.x
Carmeli, A., & Freund, A. (2003). Work commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 7(3), pp. 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-07-03-2004-b001
Cherif. (2020). The role of human resource management practices and employee job satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment in Saudi Arabian banking sector. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(7/8), pp. 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2019-0216
Combs, J., Liu, Y., Hall, A., & Ketchen, D. (2006). How much do high-performance work practices matter? A meta-analysis of their effects on organizational performance. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), pp. 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744- 6570.2006.00045.x
Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Falcon, C. D., Santana, J. D. M., & Pérez, P. D. S. (2016). Human Resources Management and Performance in The Hotel Industry: The Role of The Commitment and Satisfaction of Managers Versus Supervisors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), pp. 490–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2014-0386
Flippo, E. B. (1984). Personnel Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Edisi 8 Cetakan ke VII. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hanifah, N. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen Afektif (Studi pada Karyawan PT. Petrokopindo Cipta Selaras Gresik). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM), 4(3) p. 10.
Harrison, J. K., & Hubbard, R. (1998). Antecedents to organizational commitment among Mexican employees of a U.S. firm in Mexico. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(5), pp. 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549809600416
Hendri. I. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), pp. 1208– 1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-05-2018-0174
Hidayati, T., & Rahmawati, R. (2016). The Effect on The Job Satisfaction Organization, Performance of Employees Commitment, and Service Performance. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 13(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29264/jkin.v13i1.361
Huang, T.C., & Hsiao, W. (2007). The Causal Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(9), pp. 1265-1276.
Huang, W. R., & Su, C. H. (2016). The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between job training satisfaction and turnover intentions. Industrial and Commercial Training, 48(1), pp. 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2015-0029
Huynh, T. N., & Hua, N. T. A. (2020). The relationship between task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(4), pp. 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1108/jamr-03-2020-0036
Ilyas, Y. (1999). Kinerja: Teori Penilaian dan Penelitian. Jakarta: Fekom UI.
Ibrahim, R., Boerhannoeddin, A., & Bakare, K. K. (2017). The effect of soft skills and training methodology on employee performance. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), pp. 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-0be8-2016-0066
Jaworski, C., Ravichandran, S., Karpinski, A. C., & Singh, S. (2018). The effects of training satisfaction, employee benefits, and incentives on part-time employees’ commitment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 74, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.011
Kartikasari, R. I. (2017). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada SPBE PT. Tunas Sejati Cilacap). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 6(4), pp. 1-12.
Khan, Riaz, M., Ziauddin, Ahmed, F., & Ramay, M. I. (2010). The Impacts of Organizational Commitment on Employee Job Performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), pp. 189-206.
Kim, W. G., Leong, J. K., & Lee, Y.-K. (2005). Effect of Service Orientation on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Intention of Leaving in a Casual Dining Chain Restaurant. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(2), pp. 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.05.004
Larson, M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Potential added value of psychological capital in predicting work attitudes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(1), pp. 45– 62. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130010701
Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In: Dunnette, M.D., Ed. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, pp. 1297-1343.
Lee, J. Y., & Welliver, M. C. (2018). The role of strategic leadership for learning on the relationship between training opportunities and salesperson job performance and commitment. European Journal of Training and Development, 42(9), pp. 558–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-08-2017-0068
Maleka, M. J., Paul-Dachapalli, L. A., Ragadu, S. C., Schultz, C. M., & Van Hoek, L. (2020). Performance management, vigour, and training and development as predictors of job satisfaction in low-income workers. Journal of Human Resource Management, 18. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1257
Manresa, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Simon, A. (2019). The impact of training and development practices on innovation and financial performance. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(7/8), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2019-0035
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2009). Human Resource Management.
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2011). Human Resource Management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: West-South.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), pp. 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-z
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), pp. 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
Ocen, E., Francis, K., & Angundaru, G. (2017). The role of training in building employee commitment: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(9), pp. 742–757. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-11-2016-0084
PT. Inti Beton. Ibet. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2022, from http://ibet.co.id/tentang- kami/
Rosita, T., & Yuniati, T. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen (JIRM), 5(1), pp. 1-20.
Sari, N. P., Bendesa, I. K., & Antara, M. (2019). The influence of quality of work life on employees’ performance with job satisfaction and work motivation as intervening variables in star-rated hotels in Ubud tourism area of Bali. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 7(1), pp. 74-83. https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n1a8
Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2009). Research Methods for Business A Skill Building Approach, Seventh Edition. United Kingdom: John Wiley.
Setiawan, I., Ekhsan, M., & Parashakti, R. D. (2021). The Effect of Training on Employee Performance Mediated Job Satisfaction. Jurnal Perspektif Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan (JPMK), 1(2), pp. 186-195. Retrieved from http://jurnal.undira.ac.id/index.php/jpmk/article/view/32.
Simanjuntak, P. (2005). Manajemen dan. Evaluasi Kinerja. Jakarta: FE UI.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, CV.
Swanson, R. A., & Holton. (2001). Foundations of Human-Resource Development. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Wagiman, S., & Sutanto, H. A. (2019). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kantor Wilayah Semarang).
Wetherington, J.M. (2010). The Relationship Between Learning Organization Dimensions and Performance in the Nonprofit Sector. University of Phoenix ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Yousef, D. A. (2016). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes toward organizational change: A study in the local government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), pp. 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217