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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji serta menganalisis tentang pengaruh keramaian, daya tarik, serta niat berkunjung ulang terhadap destinasi wisata di Bukit Paralayang Watugapit dan Pantai Parangtritis Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang pernah berkunjung di kedua wisata tersebut, ataupun salah satu dari destinasi wisata tersebut. Objek penelitian ini adalah Bukit Paralayang Watugapit dan Pantai Parangtritis Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 241 responden merupakan wisatawan domestik yang pernah berkunjung ke obyek wisata tersebut dan yang pada saat penelitian berdomisili di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis dengan structural equation model (AMOS versi 22). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa keramaian fisik berpengaruh negatif terhadap daya tarik destinasi, keramaian manusia berpengaruh negatif terhadap daya tarik destinasi, daya tarik destinasi berpengaruh positif terhadap niat berkunjung ulang, keramaian fisik berpengaruh negatif terhadap niat berkunjung ulang, dan keramaian manusia bersifat negatif terhadap niat berkunjung ulang.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Fanizha Rinjani, Ratna Roostika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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- Mayo, E.J. dan Jarvis, L.P. (1982) “The Psychology of Leisure Travel: Effective Marketing and Selling of Travel Services,” Journal of Travel Research, 20(3), hal. 28–29. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758202000313.
- Milgram, S. (1970) “The experience of living in cities: A psychological analysis.,” Psychology and the problems of society. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, hal. 152–173. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1037/10042-011.
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- Sim, K.W. et al. (2018) “An analysis on perceived crowding level reported by domestic visitors of South Korean National Parks: a multilevel ordered logit approach,” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(3), hal. 281–296. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1422527.
- Stokols, D. (1972) “A Social-Psychological Model of Human Crowding Phenomena,” Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 38(2), hal. 72–83. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367208977409.
- Um, S., Chon, K. dan Ro, Y. (2006) “Antecedents of revisit intention,” Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), hal. 1141–1158. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.003.
- Vengesayi, S. (2003) “A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness and Attractiveness,” in ANZMAC 2003 Conference Proceedings Adelaide 1-3 December 2003. Adelaide: ANZMAC, hal. 637–647. Tersedia pada: http://anzmac.org/conference_archive/2003/papers/CON20_vengesayis.pdf.
- Yin, J. et al. (2019) “Safety Forecasting and Early Warning of Highly Aggregated Tourist Crowds in China,” IEEE Access, 7(August 2020), hal. 119026–119040. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936245.
- Yin, J., Zheng, X. min dan Tsaur, R.C. (2019) “Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics,” PLoS ONE, 14(9), hal. 1–16. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222389.
- Zhan, B. et al. (2008) “Crowd analysis: a survey,” Machine Vision and Applications, 19(5), hal. 345–357. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-008-0132-4.
References
Avila-Foucat, V.S. et al. (2013) “The impact of vessel crowding on the probability of tourists returning to whale watching in Banderas Bay, Mexico,” Ocean & Coastal Management, 78, hal. 12–17. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.03.002.
Badan Pusat Statistik (2022) Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Badan Pusat Statistik. Tersedia pada: https://gunungkidulkab.bps.go.id/ (Diakses: 6 Januari 2022).
Baker, D.A. dan Crompton, J.L. (2000) “Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions,” Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), hal. 785–804. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5.
Booth, A. dan Cowell, J. (1976) “Crowding and health.,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior. US: American Sociological Assn, hal. 204–220. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2307/2136543.
Chien, M.C. (2017) “An empirical study on the effect of attractiveness of ecotourism destination on experiential value and revisit intention,” Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15(2), hal. 43–53. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1502_043053.
Choi, S.C., Mirjafari, A. dan Weaver, H.B. (1976) “The Concept of Crowding: A Critical Review and Proposal of an Alternative Approach,” Environment and Behavior, 8(3), hal. 345–362. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/136327527600800302.
Cracolici, M.F. dan Nijkamp, P. (2009) “The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions,” Tourism Management, 30(3), hal. 336–344. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.006.
Fadda, N. dan Sørensen, J.F.L. (2017) “The importance of destination attractiveness and entrepreneurial orientation in explaining firm performance in the Sardinian accommodation sector,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(6), hal. 1684–1702. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0546.
Formica, S. dan Uysal, M. (2006) “Destination Attractiveness Based on Supply and Demand Evaluations: An Analytical Framework,” Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), hal. 418–430. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506286714.
Ghozali, I. (2013) Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 21. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Graefe, A.R., Vaske, J.J. dan Kuss, F.R. (1984) “Social carrying capacity: An integration and synthesis of twenty years of research,” Leisure Sciences, 6(4), hal. 395–431. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408409513046.
Gramann, J.H. dan Burdge, R.J. (1984) “Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites,” Leisure Sciences, 6(2), hal. 167–186. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408409513029.
Hu, Y. dan Ritchie, J.R.B. (1993) “Measuring Destination Attractiveness: A Contextual Approach,” Journal of Travel Research, 32(2), hal. 25–34. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303200204.
Hyun, S.S. dan Kim, M.G. (2015) “Negative Effects of Perceived Crowding on Travelers’ Identification with Cruise Brand,” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(3), hal. 241–259. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.892469.
II, B.J.P. dan Gilmore, J.H. (1998) Welcome to the Experience Economy, Harvard Business Review. Tersedia pada: https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy (Diakses: 20 Oktober 2022).
Jacobsen, J.K.S., Iversen, N.M. dan Hem, L.E. (2019) “Hotspot crowding and over-tourism: Antecedents of destination attractiveness,” Annals of Tourism Research, 76, hal. 53–66. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.02.011.
Jin, Q. dan Pearce, P. (2011) “Tourist Perception of Crowding and Management Approaches at Tourism Sites in Xi’an,” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), hal. 325–338. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.572667.
Johansson, A. et al. (2012) “Crowd and environmental management during mass gatherings,” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(2), hal. 150–156. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70287-0.
Kim, D., Lee, C.-K. dan Sirgy, M.J. (2016) “Examining the Differential Impact of Human Crowding Versus Spatial Crowding on Visitor Satisfaction at a Festival,” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(3), hal. 293–312. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1024914.
Kılıçarslan, D. dan Caber, M. (2018) “The Impacts of Perceived Crowding, and Atmospherics on Visitor Satisfaction at Cultural Heritage Sites: A Comparison of Turkish and British Visitors to Topkapi Palace, Istanbul,” Journal of Tourism and Services, 9(17), hal. 1–18. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v9i17.25.
Kozak, M. dan Rimmington, M. (1998) “Benchmarking: destination attractiveness and small hospitality business performance,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10(5), hal. 184–188. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1108/09596119810227767.
Li, L. et al. (2017) “Tourists’ perceptions of crowding, attractiveness, and satisfaction: a second-order structural model,” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(12), hal. 1250–1260. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1391305.
Liu, A. dan Ma, E. (2019) “Travel during holidays in China: Crowding’s impacts on tourists’ positive and negative affect and satisfactions,” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, hal. 60–68. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.09.008.
Machleit, K.A., Kellaris, J.J. dan Eroglu, S.A. (1994) “Human versus spatial dimensions of crowding perceptions in retail environments: A note on their measurement and effect on shopper satisfaction,” Marketing Letters, 5(2), hal. 183–194. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994108.
Mayo, E.J. dan Jarvis, L.P. (1982) “The Psychology of Leisure Travel: Effective Marketing and Selling of Travel Services,” Journal of Travel Research, 20(3), hal. 28–29. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758202000313.
Milgram, S. (1970) “The experience of living in cities: A psychological analysis.,” Psychology and the problems of society. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, hal. 152–173. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1037/10042-011.
Moyle, B. dan Croy, G. (2007) “Crowding and Visitor Satisfaction During the Off‐season: Port Campbell National Park,” Annals of Leisure Research, 10(3–4), hal. 518–531. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2007.9686779.
Neuts, B. dan Vanneste, D. (2018) “Contextual Effects on Crowding Perception: An Analysis of Antwerp and Amsterdam,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 109(3), hal. 402–419. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12284.
Parsons, K., Diana, N. dan Mahudin, M. (2018) “Development of a Crowd Stress Index (CSI) for Use In Risk Assessment,” in Contemporary Ergonomics 2004. 1 ed. CRC Press/Taylor &Francis Group, hal. 6. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203494172.
Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul (2022) Satu Data Bantul, Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul. Tersedia pada: https://data.bantulkab.go.id/beranda/ (Diakses: 6 Januari 2022).
Schultz, J. dan Svajda, J. (2017) “Examining crowding among winter recreationists in Rocky Mountain National Park,” Tourism Recreation Research, 42(1), hal. 84–95. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1259029.
Sharp, R.L., Sharp, J.A. dan Miller, C.A. (2015) “An Island in a Sea of Development: An Examination of Place Attachment, Activity Type, and Crowding in an Urban National Park,” Visitor Studies, 18(2), hal. 196–213. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2015.1079101.
Shelby, B. dan Heberlein, T.A. (1984) “A conceptual framework for carrying capacity determination,” Leisure Sciences, 6(4), hal. 433–451. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408409513047.
Sim, K.W. et al. (2018) “An analysis on perceived crowding level reported by domestic visitors of South Korean National Parks: a multilevel ordered logit approach,” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(3), hal. 281–296. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1422527.
Stokols, D. (1972) “A Social-Psychological Model of Human Crowding Phenomena,” Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 38(2), hal. 72–83. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367208977409.
Um, S., Chon, K. dan Ro, Y. (2006) “Antecedents of revisit intention,” Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), hal. 1141–1158. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.003.
Vengesayi, S. (2003) “A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness and Attractiveness,” in ANZMAC 2003 Conference Proceedings Adelaide 1-3 December 2003. Adelaide: ANZMAC, hal. 637–647. Tersedia pada: http://anzmac.org/conference_archive/2003/papers/CON20_vengesayis.pdf.
Yin, J. et al. (2019) “Safety Forecasting and Early Warning of Highly Aggregated Tourist Crowds in China,” IEEE Access, 7(August 2020), hal. 119026–119040. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936245.
Yin, J., Zheng, X. min dan Tsaur, R.C. (2019) “Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics,” PLoS ONE, 14(9), hal. 1–16. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222389.
Zhan, B. et al. (2008) “Crowd analysis: a survey,” Machine Vision and Applications, 19(5), hal. 345–357. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-008-0132-4.